Jafari Negar, Zolfi Gol Ali, Shahabi Rabori Venus, Saberiyan Mohammadreza
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2025 Mar 6;42:101970. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.101970. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis primarily affecting children, with a potential risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) and cardiovascular complications. The emergence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), has provided insights into Kawasaki disease pathogenesis and opened new avenues for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, polymorphism analysis of ncRNA genes offers significant insights into genetic predisposition to Kawasaki disease, facilitating tailored treatment approaches and risk assessment to improve patient outcomes. Exosomal ncRNAs, which are ncRNAs encapsulated within extracellular vesicles, have garnered significant attention as potential biomarkers for Kawasaki disease and CAA due to their stability and accessibility in biological fluids. This review comprehensively discusses the biogenesis, components, and potential of exosomal and non-exosomal ncRNAs in Kawasaki disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction. It also highlights the roles of non-exosomal ncRNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, in Kawasaki disease pathogenesis and their implications as therapeutic targets. Additionally, the review explores the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for Kawasaki disease and emphasizes the need for further research to validate these ncRNA-based biomarkers in diverse populations and clinical settings.
川崎病（KD）是一种主要影响儿童的急性血管炎，具有发展为冠状动脉瘤（CAA）和心血管并发症的潜在风险。包括微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）在内的非编码RNA（ncRNA）的出现，为川崎病的发病机制提供了见解，并为诊断和治疗干预开辟了新途径。此外，ncRNA基因的多态性分析为川崎病的遗传易感性提供了重要见解，有助于制定个性化的治疗方法和风险评估，以改善患者预后。外泌体ncRNA是包裹在细胞外囊泡中的ncRNA，由于其在生物体液中的稳定性和可及性，作为川崎病和CAA的潜在生物标志物受到了广泛关注。本文综述全面讨论了外泌体和非外泌体ncRNA在川崎病诊断和预后预测中的生物发生、组成和潜力。它还强调了非外泌体ncRNA，如miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA在川崎病发病机制中的作用及其作为治疗靶点的意义。此外，综述探讨了川崎病目前的诊断和治疗方法，并强调需要进一步研究以在不同人群和临床环境中验证这些基于ncRNA的生物标志物。
