Conservation Biogeography Research Group, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
Conserv Biol. 2018 Dec;32(6):1266-1277. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13147. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
Capturing the full range of climatic diversity in a reserve network is expected to improve the resilience of biodiversity to climate change. Therefore, a study on systematic conservation planning for climatic diversity that explicitly or implicitly hypothesizes that regions with higher climatic diversity support greater biodiversity is needed. However, little is known about the extent and generality of this hypothesis. We used the case of Yunnan, southwest China, to quantitatively classify climatic units and modeled 4 climatic diversity indicators, including the variety (VCU), rarity (RCU), endemism (ECU) of climatic units, and a composite index of climatic diversity (CICD). We used 5 schemes that reliably identify priority conservation areas (PCAs) to identify areas with high biodiversity conservation value. We then investigated the spatial relationships between the 4 climatic diversity indicators and the results of the 5 PCA schemes and assessed the representation of climatic diversity within the existing nature reserves. The CICD was the best indicator of areas with high conservation value, followed by ECU and RCU. Contrary to conventional knowledge, VCU was not positively associated with biodiversity conservation value. The rarer or more endemic climatic units tended to have higher reserve coverage than the more common units. However, only 28 units, covering 10.5% of the land in Yunnan, had >17% of their areas protected. In addition to climatic factors, topography and human disturbances also significantly affected the relationship between climatic diversity and biodiversity conservation value. Our results suggest that climatic diversity can be an effective surrogate for establishing a more robust reserve network under climate change in Yunnan. Our study improves understanding of the relationship between climatic diversity and biodiversity and helps build an evidence-based foundation for systematic conservation planning that targets climatic diversity in response to climate change.
在保护区网络中捕捉到气候多样性的全貌有望提高生物多样性对气候变化的适应能力。因此，需要对气候多样性进行系统保护规划的研究，该研究明确或隐含地假设具有更高气候多样性的区域支持更高的生物多样性。然而，人们对这一假设的程度和普遍性知之甚少。我们以中国西南部的云南省为例，对气候单元进行了定量分类，并对 4 种气候多样性指标进行了建模，包括气候单元的多样性（VCU）、稀有性（RCU）、特有性（ECU）和气候多样性综合指数（CICD）。我们使用了 5 种可靠识别优先保护区域（PCAs）的方案来识别具有高生物多样性保护价值的区域。然后，我们调查了 4 种气候多样性指标与 5 种 PCA 方案结果之间的空间关系，并评估了气候多样性在现有自然保护区内的代表性。CICD 是具有高保护价值区域的最佳指标，其次是 ECU 和 RCU。与传统知识相反，VCU 与生物多样性保护价值没有正相关关系。稀有或特有性更强的气候单元往往比常见单元具有更高的保护区覆盖率。然而，只有 28 个单元，覆盖了云南省 10.5%的土地面积，其面积的>17%得到了保护。除了气候因素外，地形和人为干扰也显著影响了气候多样性与生物多样性保护价值之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，在气候变化背景下，气候多样性可以作为建立更稳健保护区网络的有效替代物。我们的研究提高了对气候多样性与生物多样性之间关系的理解，并为针对气候变化的气候多样性系统保护规划提供了一个基于证据的基础。
