Durai Mithila, O'Keeffe Mary G, Searchfield Grant D
Department of Audiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2018 Jun;29(6):533-547. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.17025.
The precise mechanisms underlying tinnitus perception and distress are still not fully understood. A recent proposition is that auditory prediction errors and related memory representations may play a role in driving tinnitus perception. It is of interest to further explore this.
To obtain a comprehensive narrative synthesis of current research in relation to auditory prediction and its potential role in tinnitus perception and severity.
A narrative review methodological framework was followed.
The key words Prediction Auditory, Memory Prediction Auditory, Tinnitus AND Memory, Tinnitus AND Prediction in Article Title, Abstract, and Keywords were extensively searched on four databases: PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and PsychINFO. All study types were selected from 2000-2016 (end of 2016) and had the following exclusion criteria applied: minimum age of participants <18, nonhuman participants, and article not available in English. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify any further relevant studies. Articles were short listed based on title relevance.
After reading the abstracts and with consensus made between coauthors, a total of 114 studies were selected for charting data.
The hierarchical predictive coding model based on the Bayesian brain hypothesis, attentional modulation and top-down feedback serves as the fundamental framework in current literature for how auditory prediction may occur. Predictions are integral to speech and music processing, as well as in sequential processing and identification of auditory objects during auditory streaming. Although deviant responses are observable from middle latency time ranges, the mismatch negativity (MMN) waveform is the most commonly studied electrophysiological index of auditory irregularity detection. However, limitations may apply when interpreting findings because of the debatable origin of the MMN and its restricted ability to model real-life, more complex auditory phenomenon. Cortical oscillatory band activity may act as neurophysiological substrates for auditory prediction. Tinnitus has been modeled as an auditory object which may demonstrate incomplete processing during auditory scene analysis resulting in tinnitus salience and therefore difficulty in habituation. Within the electrophysiological domain, there is currently mixed evidence regarding oscillatory band changes in tinnitus.
There are theoretical proposals for a relationship between prediction error and tinnitus but few published empirical studies.
耳鸣感知和困扰背后的确切机制仍未完全明了。最近有一种观点认为，听觉预测误差及相关记忆表征可能在推动耳鸣感知方面发挥作用。进一步探究这一点很有意义。
全面叙述性综合当前关于听觉预测及其在耳鸣感知和严重程度方面潜在作用的研究。
采用叙述性综述方法框架。
在四个数据库（PubMed、Scopus、SpringerLink和PsychINFO）中广泛搜索文章标题、摘要和关键词中包含“预测 听觉”“记忆 预测 听觉”“耳鸣 与 记忆”以及“耳鸣 与 预测”的内容。选取2000年至2016年（2016年末）的所有研究类型，并应用以下排除标准：参与者最小年龄<18岁、非人类参与者以及无英文版本的文章。查阅文章的参考文献列表以识别任何其他相关研究。根据标题相关性筛选文章。
阅读摘要并经共同作者达成共识后，共选取114项研究用于绘制数据。
基于贝叶斯脑假说的分层预测编码模型、注意力调制和自上而下的反馈是当前文献中关于听觉预测可能如何发生的基本框架。预测对于语音和音乐处理以及听觉流中听觉对象的序列处理和识别不可或缺。尽管从中潜伏期时间范围可观察到异常反应，但失配负波（MMN）波形是听觉不规则检测中最常研究的电生理指标。然而，由于MMN的起源存在争议且其对现实生活中更复杂听觉现象的建模能力有限，在解释研究结果时可能存在局限性。皮层振荡带活动可能作为听觉预测的神经生理基础。耳鸣已被建模为一个听觉对象，在听觉场景分析过程中可能表现出处理不完整，从而导致耳鸣突显，因此难以适应。在电生理领域，目前关于耳鸣中振荡带变化的证据不一。
有关于预测误差与耳鸣之间关系的理论提议，但很少有已发表的实证研究。
