Garin-Fernandez Ale, Pereira-Flores Emiliano, Glöckner Frank Oliver, Wichels Antje
Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany; Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany.
Mar Genomics. 2018 Oct;41:31-41. doi: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
Marine viruses are dominated by phages and have an enormous influence on microbial population dynamics, due to lysis and horizontal gene transfer. The aim of this study is to analyze the occurrence and diversity of phages in the North Sea, considering the virus-host interactions and biogeographic factors. The virus community of four sampling stations were described using virus metagenomics (viromes). The results show that the virus community was not evenly distributed throughout the North Sea. The dominant phage members were identified as unclassified phage group, followed by Caudovirales order. Myoviridae was the dominant phage family in the North Sea, which occurrence decreased from the coast to the open sea. In contrast, the occurrence of Podoviridae increased and the occurrence of Siphoviridae was low throughout the North Sea. The occurrence of other groups such as Phycodnaviridae decreased from the coast to the open sea. The coastal virus community was genetically more diverse than the open sea community. The influence of riverine inflow and currents, for instance the English Channel flow affects the genetic virus diversity with the community carrying genes from a variety of metabolic pathways and other functions. The present study offers the first insights in the virus community in the North Sea using viromes and shows the variation in virus diversity and the genetic information moved from coastal to open sea areas.
海洋病毒以噬菌体为主，由于裂解作用和水平基因转移，它们对微生物种群动态有着巨大影响。本研究的目的是分析北海噬菌体的出现情况和多样性，同时考虑病毒-宿主相互作用和生物地理因素。利用病毒宏基因组学（病毒群落）描述了四个采样站的病毒群落。结果表明，病毒群落在北海并非均匀分布。主要的噬菌体成员被鉴定为未分类的噬菌体组，其次是有尾噬菌体目。肌尾噬菌体科是北海的主要噬菌体科，其出现频率从海岸向公海递减。相比之下，短尾噬菌体科的出现频率增加，而长尾噬菌体科在整个北海的出现频率较低。其他类群如藻病毒科的出现频率从海岸向公海递减。沿海病毒群落的遗传多样性高于公海群落。河流入流和洋流的影响，例如英吉利海峡的水流，影响着病毒的遗传多样性，群落携带来自各种代谢途径和其他功能的基因。本研究首次利用病毒群落对北海的病毒群落进行了深入了解，并展示了病毒多样性的变化以及从沿海到公海区域的遗传信息转移。
