Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Surgery, St. John's Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jun 4;19(6):1658. doi: 10.3390/ijms19061658.
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is a fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Carcinogenesis is a multistage disease process specified by the gradual procurement of mutations and epigenetic alterations in the expression of different genes, which finally lead to the occurrence of a malignancy. These genes have diversified roles regarding cancer development. Intracellular pathways are assigned to the expression of different genes, signal transduction, cell-cycle supervision, genomic stability, DNA repair, and cell-fate destination, like apoptosis, senescence. Extracellular pathways embrace tumour invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis. Altered expression patterns, leading the different clinical responses. This review highlights the list of molecular biomarkers that can be used for prognostic purposes and provide information on the likely outcome of the cancer disease in an untreated individual.
胃癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是癌症相关死亡的第四大主要原因。癌症发生是一个多阶段的疾病过程，其特征是不同基因表达的突变和表观遗传改变逐渐积累，最终导致恶性肿瘤的发生。这些基因在癌症的发生发展中具有多样化的作用。细胞内途径与不同基因的表达、信号转导、细胞周期监测、基因组稳定性、DNA 修复和细胞命运归宿（如细胞凋亡、衰老）有关。细胞外途径包括肿瘤侵袭、转移、血管生成。表达模式的改变导致不同的临床反应。本综述强调了可用于预后目的的分子生物标志物列表，并提供了关于未经治疗个体癌症疾病可能结果的信息。
