Fida Tekle T, Voordouw Johanna, Ataeian Maryam, Kleiner Manuel, Okpala Gloria, Mand Jaspreet, Voordouw Gerrit
Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Microbiol. 2018 May 16;9:981. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00981. eCollection 2018.
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) disrupts microbial biofilms through the release of nitric oxide (NO). The actions of SNP on bacteria have been mostly limited to the genera , , and . There are no reports of its biocidal action on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which couple the reduction of sulfate to sulfide with the oxidation of organic electron donors. Here, we report the inhibition and kill of SRB by low SNP concentrations [0.05 mM (15 ppm)] depending on biomass concentration. Chemical reaction of SNP with sulfide did not compromise its efficacy. SNP was more effective than five biocides commonly used to control SRB. Souring, the SRB activity in oil reservoirs, is often controlled by injection of nitrate. Control of SRB-mediated souring in oil-containing bioreactors was inhibited by 4 mM (340 ppm) of sodium nitrate, but required only 0.05 mM (15 ppm) of SNP. Interestingly, nitrate and SNP were found to be highly synergistic with 0.003 mM (1 ppm) of SNP and 1 mM (85 ppm) of sodium nitrate being sufficient in inhibiting souring. Hence, using SNP as an additive may greatly increase the efficacy of nitrate injection in oil reservoirs.
硝普钠（SNP）通过释放一氧化氮（NO）破坏微生物生物膜。SNP对细菌的作用大多局限于某些属，如 、 和 。目前尚无关于其对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的杀菌作用的报道，SRB可将硫酸盐还原为硫化物，并与有机电子供体的氧化过程相偶联。在此，我们报告了低浓度SNP [0.05 mM（15 ppm）]对SRB的抑制和杀灭作用，其效果取决于生物量浓度。SNP与硫化物的化学反应并未削弱其功效。SNP比通常用于控制SRB的五种杀菌剂更有效。油藏中的SRB活动导致的酸化现象，通常通过注入硝酸盐来控制。在含油生物反应器中，4 mM（340 ppm）的硝酸钠可抑制SRB介导的酸化，但仅需0.05 mM（15 ppm）的SNP即可达到相同效果。有趣的是，发现硝酸盐和SNP具有高度协同作用，0.003 mM（1 ppm）的SNP和1 mM（85 ppm）的硝酸钠足以抑制酸化。因此，使用SNP作为添加剂可能会大大提高油藏中硝酸盐注入的效果。
