Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Division of Conservation Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 1;640-641:688-695. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.335. Epub 2018 Jun 2.
The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops has raised many questions regarding their environmental risks, particularly about their ecological impact on non-target organisms, such as their closely-related relative species. Although evaluations of transgene flow from GM crops to their conventional crops has been conducted under large-scale farming system worldwide, in particular in North America and Australia, few studies have been conducted under smallholder farming systems in Asia with diverse crops in co-existence. A two-year field study was conducted to assess the potential environmental risks of gene flow from glufosinate-ammonium resistant (GR) Brassica napus to its conventional relatives, B. napus, B. juncea, and Raphanus sativus under simulated smallholder field conditions in Korea. Herbicide resistance and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify the hybrids. Hybridization frequency of B. napus × GR B. napus was 2.33% at a 2 m distance, which decreased to 0.007% at 75 m. For B. juncea, it was 0.076% at 2 m and decreased to 0.025% at 16 m. No gene flow was observed to R. sativus. The log-logistic model described hybridization frequency with increasing distance from GR B. napus to B. napus and B. juncea and predicted that the effective isolation distances for 0.01% gene flow from GR B. napus to B. napus and B. juncea were 122.5 and 23.7 m, respectively. Results suggest that long-distance gene flow from GR B. napus to B. napus and B. juncea is unlikely, but gene flow can potentially occur between adjacent fields where the smallholder farming systems exist.
转基因（GM）作物的培育引发了许多关于其环境风险的问题，特别是关于它们对非目标生物的生态影响，例如与其密切相关的亲缘物种。尽管已经在全球范围内的大规模农业系统中，特别是在北美和澳大利亚，对来自 GM 作物的转基因流到其常规作物的情况进行了评估，但在亚洲的小农系统中，与多种共存作物相关的研究却很少。在韩国的模拟小农条件下，进行了为期两年的田间研究，以评估草甘膦铵抗性（GR）油菜从其常规亲缘种油菜、芥菜和萝卜中发生基因流的潜在环境风险。利用除草剂抗性和简单重复序列（SSR）标记来鉴定杂种。油菜与 GR 油菜的杂交频率在 2m 处为 2.33%，在 75m 处降至 0.007%。对于芥菜，在 2m 处为 0.076%，在 16m 处降至 0.025%。没有观察到向萝卜的基因流。逻辑斯蒂模型描述了从 GR 油菜到油菜和芥菜的杂交频率随距离的增加而变化，并预测了从 GR 油菜到油菜和芥菜的 0.01%基因流的有效隔离距离分别为 122.5 和 23.7m。结果表明，GR 油菜到油菜和芥菜的长距离基因流不太可能发生，但在存在小农系统的相邻田间，基因流可能会发生。
