1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
2 Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Cell Transplant. 2018 Jun;27(6):853-866. doi: 10.1177/0963689718755778. Epub 2018 Jun 5.
Spinal cord injury (SCI), for which there currently is no cure, is a heavy burden on patient physiology and psychology. The microenvironment of the injured spinal cord is complicated. According to our previous work and the advancements in SCI research, 'microenvironment imbalance' is the main cause of the poor regeneration and recovery of SCI. Microenvironment imbalance is defined as an increase in inhibitory factors and decrease in promoting factors for tissues, cells and molecules at different times and spaces. There are imbalance of hemorrhage and ischemia, glial scar formation, demyelination and re-myelination at the tissue's level. The cellular level imbalance involves an imbalance in the differentiation of endogenous stem cells and the transformation phenotypes of microglia and macrophages. The molecular level includes an imbalance of neurotrophic factors and their pro-peptides, cytokines, and chemokines. The imbalanced microenvironment of the spinal cord impairs regeneration and functional recovery. This review will aid in the understanding of the pathological processes involved in and the development of comprehensive treatments for SCI.
脊髓损伤（SCI）目前尚无治愈方法，给患者的生理和心理带来了沉重的负担。损伤脊髓的微环境很复杂。根据我们之前的工作和 SCI 研究的进展，“微环境失衡”是 SCI 再生和恢复不良的主要原因。微环境失衡定义为不同时间和空间的组织、细胞和分子中抑制因子增加和促进因子减少。在组织水平上存在出血和缺血失衡、神经胶质瘢痕形成、脱髓鞘和再髓鞘化。细胞水平失衡涉及内源性干细胞分化和小胶质细胞及巨噬细胞转化表型的失衡。分子水平包括神经营养因子及其前肽、细胞因子和趋化因子的失衡。脊髓的失衡微环境会损害再生和功能恢复。这篇综述将有助于理解 SCI 的病理过程，并为其综合治疗的发展提供帮助。
