Wojcik Victoria A, Morandin Lora A, Davies Adams Laurie, Rourke Kelly E
Pollinator Partnership, San Francisco, CA.
Environ Entomol. 2018 Aug 11;47(4):822-833. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy077.
Supporting managed honey bees by pasturing in natural landscapes has come under review due to concerns that honey bees could negatively impact the survival of wild bees through competition for floral resources. Critique and assessment of the existing body of published literature against our criteria focussing on studies that can support best management resulted in 19 experimental papers. Indirect measures of competition examining foraging patterns and behavior yielded equivocal results. Direct measures of reproduction and growth were investigated in only seven studies, with six indicating negative impacts to wild bees from the presence of managed honey bees. Three of these studies examined fitness impacts to BombusLatreille and all three indicated reduced growth or reduced reproductive output. Because there is a severe lack of literature, yet potential that honey bee presence could negatively impact wild bees, exemplified with bumble bee studies, we advocate for further research into the fitness impacts of competition between managed and wild pollinators. Conservative approaches should be taken with respect to pasturing honey bees on natural lands with sensitive bumble bee populations. Correspondingly, forage opportunities for honey bees in managed, agricultural landscapes, should be increased in an effort to reduce potential pressure and infringement on wild bee populations in natural areas.
由于担心蜜蜂可能通过争夺花卉资源对野生蜜蜂的生存产生负面影响，在自然景观中放牧来支持管理下的蜜蜂这一做法受到了审视。根据我们侧重于能支持最佳管理的研究的标准，对现有已发表文献进行批判和评估后，得到了19篇实验性论文。对觅食模式和行为的竞争间接测量得出了模棱两可的结果。仅在七项研究中调查了繁殖和生长的直接测量指标，其中六项表明管理下的蜜蜂的存在对野生蜜蜂有负面影响。这些研究中有三项考察了对熊蜂属的适合度影响，且所有三项都表明生长减少或繁殖产出降低。由于严重缺乏文献，但蜜蜂的存在有可能对野生蜜蜂产生负面影响，如大黄蜂研究所示，我们主张进一步研究管理下的传粉者与野生传粉者之间竞争对适合度的影响。对于在有敏感大黄蜂种群的自然土地上放牧蜜蜂，应采取保守方法。相应地，应增加管理下的农业景观中蜜蜂的觅食机会，以努力减少对自然区域野生蜜蜂种群的潜在压力和侵犯。
