Iwasaki Jay M, Hogendoorn Katja
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5064, Australia.
Curr Res Insect Sci. 2022 Jul 22;2:100043. doi: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100043. eCollection 2022.
Worldwide, the use of managed bees for crop pollination and honey production has increased dramatically. Concerns about the pressures of these increases on native ecosystems has resulted in a recent expansion in the literature on this subject. To collate and update current knowledge, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the effects of managed and introduced bees on native ecosystems, focusing on the effects on wild bees. To enable comparison over time, we used the same search terms and focused on the same impacts as earlier reviews. This review covers: (a) interference and resource competition between introduced or managed bees and native bees; (b) effects of introduced or managed bees on pollination of native plants and weeds; and (c) transmission and infectivity of pathogens; and classifies effects into positive, negative, or neutral. Compared to a 2017 review, we found that the number of papers on this issue has increased by 47%. The highest increase was seen in papers on pathogen spill-over, but in the last five years considerable additional information about competition between managed and wild bees has also become available. Records of negative effects have increased from 53% of papers reporting negative effects in 2017 to 66% at present. The majority of these studies investigated effects on visitation and foraging behaviour. While only a few studies experimentally assessed impacts on wild bee reproductive output, 78% of these demonstrated negative effects. Plant composition and pollination was negatively affected in 7% of studies, and 79% of studies on pathogens reported potential negative effects of managed or introduced bees on wild bees. Taken together, the evidence increasingly suggests that managed and introduced bees negatively affect wild bees, and this knowledge should inform actions to prevent further harm to native ecosystems.
在全球范围内，用于作物授粉和蜂蜜生产的养殖蜜蜂数量急剧增加。对这些增长给本地生态系统带来的压力的担忧，导致了近期关于这一主题的文献有所扩充。为了整理和更新现有知识，我们对有关养殖蜜蜂和引进蜜蜂对本地生态系统影响的文献进行了系统综述，重点关注对野生蜜蜂的影响。为了便于进行时间上的比较，我们使用了与早期综述相同的搜索词，并关注相同的影响。本综述涵盖：（a）引进或养殖蜜蜂与本地蜜蜂之间的干扰和资源竞争；（b）引进或养殖蜜蜂对本地植物和杂草授粉的影响；以及（c）病原体的传播和感染性；并将影响分为积极、消极或中性。与2017年的综述相比，我们发现关于这个问题的论文数量增加了47%。病原体溢出方面的论文增长最为显著，但在过去五年中，也有了大量关于养殖蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂之间竞争的额外信息。负面影响的记录已从2017年报告负面影响的论文的53%增加到目前的66%。这些研究大多调查了对访花和觅食行为的影响。虽然只有少数研究通过实验评估了对野生蜜蜂繁殖产出的影响，但其中78%显示出负面影响。7%的研究表明植物组成和授粉受到负面影响，79%关于病原体的研究报告了养殖或引进蜜蜂对野生蜜蜂的潜在负面影响。总体而言，证据越来越表明养殖蜜蜂和引进蜜蜂对野生蜜蜂有负面影响，这一认识应为防止对本地生态系统造成进一步损害的行动提供参考。
