Requier Fabrice, Abdelli Myriam, Baude Mathilde, Genoud David, Gens Hadrien, Geslin Benoît, Henry Mickaël, Ropars Lise
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Université d'Orléans, Chateau de la Source, BP 6749, Cedex2, 45067, Orléans, France.
Curr Res Insect Sci. 2024 Aug 2;6:100093. doi: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100093. eCollection 2024.
Due to the increasing pressures on bees, many beekeepers currently wish to move their managed livestock of into little disturbed ecosystems such as protected natural areas. This may, however, exert detrimental competitive effects upon local wild pollinators. While it appears critical for land managers to get an adequate knowledge of this issue for effective wildlife conservation schemes, the frequency of this competition is not clear to date. Based on a systematic literature review of 96 studies, we assessed the frequency of exploitative competition between honey bees and wild pollinators. We found that 78% of the studies highlighted exploitative competition from honey bees to wild pollinators. Importantly, these studies have mostly explored competition with wild bees, while only 18% of them considered other pollinator taxa such as ants, beetles, bugs, butterflies, flies, moths, and wasps. The integration of non-bee pollinators into scientific studies and conservation plans is urgently required as they are critical for the pollination of many wild plants and crops. Interestingly, we found that a majority (88%) of these studies considering also non-bee pollinators report evidence of competition. Thus, neglecting non-bee pollinators could imply an underestimation of competition risks from honey bees. More inclusive work is needed to estimate the risks of competition in its entirety, but also to apprehend the context-dependency of competition so as to properly inform wildlife conservation schemes.
由于蜜蜂面临的压力不断增加，许多养蜂人目前希望将他们管理的蜂群转移到受干扰较小的生态系统中，如自然保护区。然而，这可能会对当地野生传粉者产生有害的竞争影响。虽然对于土地管理者来说，充分了解这个问题对于有效的野生动物保护计划至关重要，但迄今为止这种竞争的频率尚不清楚。基于对96项研究的系统文献综述，我们评估了蜜蜂与野生传粉者之间剥削性竞争的频率。我们发现，78%的研究强调了蜜蜂对野生传粉者的剥削性竞争。重要的是，这些研究大多探讨了与野生蜜蜂的竞争，而其中只有18%考虑了其他传粉者类群，如蚂蚁、甲虫、蝽象、蝴蝶、苍蝇、飞蛾和黄蜂。迫切需要将非蜜蜂传粉者纳入科学研究和保护计划，因为它们对许多野生植物和作物的授粉至关重要。有趣的是，我们发现，这些也考虑了非蜜蜂传粉者的研究中，大多数（88%）报告了竞争的证据。因此，忽视非蜜蜂传粉者可能意味着低估了蜜蜂的竞争风险。需要开展更具包容性的工作，以全面评估竞争风险，同时了解竞争的背景依赖性，从而为野生动物保护计划提供恰当的信息。
