Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
J Trop Pediatr. 2018 Jun 1;64(3):215-224. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmx052.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) results in significant morbidity and mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals. There is paucity of literature on paediatric CMV disease, especially from developing countries.
A retrospective review of records of all HIV-infected children with evidence of CMV disease was done.
A total of 15 children were found to have CMV disease (retinitis in all, pneumonia in two and invasive gastrointestinal disease in one). Median CD4+ T cell count and percentage at diagnosis of CMV disease was 64.5 cells/µl and 3.6%, respectively. Intravenous ganciclovir was used in patients with active CMV disease. Of the 15 children, three died while two were lost to follow-up. Symptomatic patients had poor visual outcome and almost all children who were diagnosed on active screening attained normal vision.
Retinitis is the most common CMV disease in HIV-infected children. Early detection by active screening and initiation of systemic ganciclovir reduces the morbidity.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）可导致感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的个体出现重大发病率和死亡率。儿科 CMV 疾病的文献很少，特别是来自发展中国家的文献。
对所有有 CMV 疾病证据的 HIV 感染儿童的记录进行回顾性审查。
共发现 15 例儿童患有 CMV 疾病（均为视网膜炎，2 例肺炎，1 例侵袭性胃肠道疾病）。CMV 疾病诊断时的中位 CD4+T 细胞计数和百分比分别为 64.5 个/µl 和 3.6%。有活动性 CMV 疾病的患者使用更昔洛韦静脉注射。在 15 名儿童中，3 人死亡，2 人失访。有症状的患者视力预后不良，几乎所有通过主动筛查诊断的儿童都恢复了正常视力。
视网膜炎是 HIV 感染儿童中最常见的 CMV 疾病。通过主动筛查和开始全身性更昔洛韦治疗可降低发病率。
