Del Río Juan Pablo, Alliende María I, Molina Natalia, Serrano Felipe G, Molina Santiago, Vigil Pilar
Reproductive Health Research Institute Santiago, Chile.
Tallahassee Community College Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Front Public Health. 2018 May 23;6:141. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00141. eCollection 2018.
Sex hormones significantly impact women's lives. Throughout the different stages of life, from menarche to menopause and all stages in between, women experience dramatic fluctuations in the levels of progesterone and estradiol, among other hormones. These fluctuations affect the body as a whole, including the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, sex hormones act via steroid receptors. They also have an effect on different neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate. Additionally, studies show that sex hormones and their metabolites influence brain areas that regulate mood, behavior, and cognitive abilities. This review emphasizes the benefits a proper hormonal balance during the different stages of life has in the CNS. To achieve this goal, it is essential that hormone levels are evaluated considering a woman's age and ovulatory status, so that a correct diagnosis and treatment can be made. Knowledge of steroid hormone activity in the brain will give women and health providers an important tool for improving their health and well-being.
性激素对女性的生活有着重大影响。在从初潮到绝经以及其间的所有生命阶段中，女性体内的孕酮和雌二醇等多种激素水平会出现显著波动。这些波动会影响整个身体，包括中枢神经系统（CNS）。在中枢神经系统中，性激素通过类固醇受体发挥作用。它们还会对γ-氨基丁酸、血清素、多巴胺和谷氨酸等不同神经递质产生影响。此外，研究表明，性激素及其代谢产物会影响调节情绪、行为和认知能力的脑区。本综述强调了在生命不同阶段保持适当的激素平衡对中枢神经系统的益处。为实现这一目标，必须根据女性的年龄和排卵状态评估激素水平，以便做出正确的诊断和治疗。了解类固醇激素在大脑中的活性将为女性和医疗服务提供者提供一个改善健康和福祉的重要工具。
