Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Nov;28(11):2416-2426. doi: 10.1111/sms.13236. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 9-month supervised resistance training intervention on motivational and volitional characteristics related to exercise, and whether the absolute level and/or intervention-induced change in these characteristics predict self-directed continuation of resistance training 1 year after the intervention. Community dwelling older adults aged 65-75, who did not fulfill physical activity recommendations, were randomized into resistance training intervention groups: training once- (n = 26), twice- (n = 27), three-times-a-week (n = 28) or non-training control group (n = 25). Training groups participated in supervised resistance training for 9 months: during months 1-3 all groups trained twice-a-week and then with allocated frequencies during months 4-9. Exercise-related motivation, self-efficacy, and planning were measured with questionnaires at baseline, month-3 and month-9. The continuance of resistance training was determined by interviews 6 and 12 months after the end of the intervention. The intervention improved action and coping planning as well as intrinsic motivation (group × time P < .05). During 1-year follow-up, 54% of participants did not continue self-directed regular resistance training, 22% continued regular resistance training once-a-week, and 24% twice-a-week. Increases in exercise self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation related to training during the intervention predicted continuation of resistance training twice-a-week. Resistance training improved exercise-related motivational and volitional characteristics in older adults. These improvements were linked to continuing resistance training 1 year after the supervised intervention. The role of these characteristics should be taken into account when promoting long-term resistance training participation among older adults.
本研究旨在探讨为期 9 个月的监督抗阻训练干预对与运动相关的动机和意志特征的影响，以及这些特征的绝对水平和/或干预引起的变化是否能预测干预结束后 1 年的老年人自我指导的抗阻训练的持续情况。不符合身体活动建议的社区居住的 65-75 岁老年人，被随机分为抗阻训练干预组：每周 1 次训练组（n=26）、每周 2 次训练组（n=27）、每周 3 次训练组（n=28）或非训练对照组（n=25）。训练组参加了为期 9 个月的监督抗阻训练：在第 1-3 个月，所有组都每周训练 2 次，然后在第 4-9 个月按分配的频率训练。在基线、第 3 个月和第 9 个月，通过问卷测量与运动相关的动机、自我效能和计划。在干预结束后 6 个月和 12 个月通过访谈确定抗阻训练的持续性。干预提高了行动和应对计划以及内在动机（组×时间 P<.05）。在 1 年的随访中，54%的参与者没有继续自我指导的常规抗阻训练，22%的人继续每周进行一次常规抗阻训练，24%的人每周进行两次常规抗阻训练。干预期间与训练相关的运动自我效能和内在动机的增加预测了每周进行两次抗阻训练的持续性。抗阻训练改善了老年人与运动相关的动机和意志特征。这些改善与监督干预结束后 1 年内继续进行抗阻训练有关。在促进老年人长期抗阻训练参与时，应考虑这些特征的作用。
