Advena-Regnery Barbara, Dederer Hans-Georg, Enghofer Franziska, Cantz Tobias, Heinemann Thomas
Bioethics. 2018 Jun;32(5):314-326. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12433.
Recent results from studies on animals suggest that functional germ cells may be generated from human pluripotent stem cells, giving rise to three possibilities: research with these so-called artificial gametes, including fertilization experiments in vitro; their use in vivo for therapy for the treatment of human infertility; and their use in assisted reproductive technologies in vitro. While the legal, philosophical, and ethical questions associated with these possibilities have been already discussed intensively in other countries, the debate in Germany is still at its beginning. A systematic and detailed analysis of the legal framework in Germany is provided with regard to the three possibilities, including the applicable statutory laws as well as the constitutional law. The question emerges as to whether the statutory laws as well as the constitution justify a distinction to be made between embryos of artificial and natural origin. This question is subject to philosophical analysis, discussing the distinction between person and thing, dignity and price, personality and property, and nature and technique. As a result, the criterion of naturalness alone may not be sufficient to differentiate between embryos of natural and artificial origin, and other criteria need to be identified.
近期动物研究结果表明，功能性生殖细胞或许可由人类多能干细胞生成，这引发了三种可能性：对这些所谓的人工配子进行研究，包括体外受精实验；在体内将其用于治疗人类不孕症；以及在体外辅助生殖技术中使用。尽管与这些可能性相关的法律、哲学和伦理问题在其他国家已得到深入讨论，但德国的相关辩论仍处于起步阶段。本文针对这三种可能性，对德国的法律框架进行了系统而详细的分析，包括适用的成文法以及宪法。由此产生的问题是，成文法和宪法是否证明有必要区分人工来源和自然来源的胚胎。这个问题需要进行哲学分析，探讨人与物、尊严与价格、人格与财产以及自然与技术之间的区别。结果表明，仅靠自然性这一标准可能不足以区分自然来源和人工来源的胚胎，还需要确定其他标准。
