Elmore Susan A
Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1803:147-168. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_10.
Enhanced histopathology is a tool that the pathologist can use as a screening test to identify immunomodulatory compounds. This assessment is based on the assumption that chemically induced alterations may result in qualitative or quantitative changes in the histology of the lymphoid organs. It involves the histological evaluation of various lymphoid organs and their respective tissue compartments to identify specific cellular and architectural changes. Although this methodology cannot directly measure immune function, it does have the potential to determine whether or not a specific chemical causes suppression or enhancement of the immune system. As with all screening tests, evaluation of and comparison with control tissues are crucial in order to establish the range of normal tissue changes for a particular group of animals. Laboratory animals include species other than rat and mouse; therefore, recognition of species differences in the structure and function of the immune system should be noted as well as identification of which differences are biologically relevant for the endpoint being considered. Consideration should also be given to the nutritional status, antigen load, age, spontaneous lesions, steroid hormone status, and stress for each strain and group of animals. General guidelines for the examination of each of the lymphoid organs are provided in this chapter.
增强组织病理学是病理学家可用于识别免疫调节化合物的一种筛选测试工具。该评估基于这样一种假设，即化学诱导的改变可能导致淋巴器官组织学的定性或定量变化。它涉及对各种淋巴器官及其各自组织区室的组织学评估，以识别特定的细胞和结构变化。虽然这种方法不能直接测量免疫功能，但它确实有可能确定特定化学物质是否会导致免疫系统的抑制或增强。与所有筛选测试一样，为了确定特定动物群体正常组织变化的范围，对对照组织进行评估和比较至关重要。实验动物包括大鼠和小鼠以外的物种；因此，应注意识别免疫系统结构和功能的物种差异，以及确定哪些差异与所考虑的终点具有生物学相关性。还应考虑每种动物品系和群体的营养状况、抗原负荷、年龄、自发性病变、类固醇激素状态和应激情况。本章提供了检查各个淋巴器官的一般指南。
