Health Secur. 2018 May/Jun;16(3):178-192. doi: 10.1089/hs.2018.0007. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Families with children who have access and mobility challenges, chronic illness, or intellectual or developmental disabilities require targeted messages before, during, and after disasters to ensure that they understand risks to their children's health and can take measures to avoid harm and build resilience. A scoping review was conducted to assess current evidence for optimal ways to address the disaster information needs and communication preferences of families with children and youth with special healthcare needs. The disaster information needs of such families remain understudied, with few published evidence-based practices. Much of the relevant research focuses on information content, specifically the preparedness needs of these families; disaster recovery information for them remains a major gap. The few studies that have been performed suggest that parents with children and youth with special healthcare needs require additional information, education, and training to develop an effective disaster preparedness plan for their children. They are also largely unaware of schools' disaster plans, and schools are often unable to meet parents' expectations for timely, accurate information during a disaster. Several guidance documents highlighted the importance of completing an emergency information form before an event. Several studies suggested that one-on-one education or counseling was a strategy for encouraging preparedness planning; others highlighted potential value in incorporating families directly into disaster risk reduction planning. Evidence about channel preferences and their effectiveness in this population was generally lacking. Future studies should expand the evidence basis for optimal communication during all disaster phases both with parents of children and youth with special healthcare needs and with children directly.
有儿童的家庭，这些儿童存在行动和交流障碍、患有慢性疾病、或智力或发育残疾，他们在灾难之前、期间和之后都需要有针对性的信息，以确保他们了解对其子女健康的风险，并能够采取措施避免伤害和建立恢复力。进行了一次范围界定审查，以评估针对有特殊医疗需求的儿童和青年的家庭的最佳方式来满足他们的灾难信息需求和沟通偏好的现有证据。这些家庭的灾难信息需求仍未得到充分研究，发表的循证实践很少。许多相关研究都集中在信息内容上，特别是这些家庭的备灾需求；他们的灾难恢复信息仍然是一个主要的空白。已经进行的少数研究表明，有特殊医疗需求的儿童和青年的父母需要额外的信息、教育和培训，以制定针对其子女的有效的备灾计划。他们也基本上不了解学校的灾难计划，而学校在灾难期间往往无法满足家长对及时、准确信息的期望。几份指导文件强调了在事件发生之前填写紧急信息表的重要性。有几项研究表明，一对一的教育或咨询是鼓励备灾规划的策略；其他研究则强调了将家庭直接纳入减少灾害风险规划中的潜在价值。关于在这个群体中偏好渠道及其有效性的证据通常缺乏。未来的研究应扩大在所有灾难阶段与有特殊医疗需求的儿童和青年的父母以及儿童直接进行最佳沟通的证据基础。
