Ewers Michael, Beckert Joachim, Griese Lennert, Köhler Michael, Prasser Anita, Singh Himal, Schaeffer Doris
Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 25;13:1589705. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1589705. eCollection 2025.
In many countries, promoting the ability to protect one's own life and health and to help oneself when faced with adversity is a cornerstone of disaster risk reduction. For this reason, the population must be able to access, understand, assess and apply the information necessary to do so. So far, there have been only a few attempts to define this so-called "Disaster Health Literacy" (DIS-HL), and there is a lack of easy-to-use instruments to measure it. The aim of this research was to develop such an instrument based on a conceptual framework and to report on its content and face validity.
As an interdisciplinary and interinstitutional working group we applied a standardized approach to the development of instruments for social science survey research. Based on a scoping review, we constructed a conceptual framework and defined an items list. We conducted an online expert review ( = 12) to test content validity and used cognitive interviews ( = 10) and real-life interviews ( = 10) to assess face validity. Item and scale context validity indices were calculated, and a formal and summative analysis of the qualitative data was carried out.
Based on suggestions from the literature, we defined DIS-HL and identified key components of the construct. In item development, we considered four cognitive dimensions (access, understand, appraise, apply), the heterogeneous information requirements before, during and after events, and three information task domains (prevention, acute response, access to care). Based on the experts' feedback and the results of the face validity assessment we reduced the original 15 items to 12 items. Furthermore, we made moderate adjustments to the content and language of the items and shortened the introductory text to improve clarity and comprehensibility.
Our research strongly supports the relevance and content validity of the short DIS-HL measurement instrument. However, further psychometric tests (factor analysis) are necessary to verify its quality. To support this, a large-scale pilot test will be conducted as part of the third national representative survey on health literacy in Germany (HLS-GER 3). If this test is successful, an English translation and international adaptation of this instrument could be considered.
在许多国家，提升个人在面对逆境时保护自身生命与健康以及自助的能力是减少灾害风险的基石。因此，民众必须能够获取、理解、评估并应用相关必要信息。到目前为止，仅有少数几次尝试去定义这种所谓的“灾害健康素养”（DIS-HL），并且缺乏易于使用的测量工具。本研究的目的是基于一个概念框架开发这样一种工具，并报告其内容和表面效度。
作为一个跨学科和跨机构的工作组，我们采用了一种标准化方法来开发社会科学调查研究工具。基于一项范围综述，我们构建了一个概念框架并确定了一个项目列表。我们进行了一次在线专家评审（n = 12）以测试内容效度，并使用认知访谈（n = 10）和现实生活访谈（n = 10）来评估表面效度。计算了项目和量表的内容效度指标，并对定性数据进行了形式和总结性分析。
基于文献中的建议，我们定义了DIS-HL并确定了该结构的关键组成部分。在项目开发过程中,我们考虑了四个认知维度（获取、理解、评估、应用）、事件发生前、期间和之后的不同信息需求，以及三个信息任务领域（预防、急性应对、获得医疗服务）。根据专家反馈和表面效度评估结果，我们将原始的15个项目减少到12个项目。此外，我们对项目的内容和语言进行了适度调整，并缩短了引言文本以提高清晰度和可理解性。
我们的研究有力地支持了简短的DIS-HL测量工具的相关性和内容效度。然而，需要进一步的心理测量测试（因素分析）来验证其质量。为此，将作为德国第三次全国健康素养代表性调查（HLS-GER 3）的一部分进行大规模试点测试。如果这次测试成功，可以考虑对该工具进行英文翻译和国际改编。
