Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, 08830, Spain.
FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Avda. Jordà, 8, Barcelona, 08035, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón, 11. Planta 0, 28029, Spain.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Aug 1;189:70-75. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.054. Epub 2018 May 29.
Cocaine abuse has been reported as leading to impaired cognitive function. However, cocaine abusers commonly also abuse alcohol, which can itself produce cognitive impairment. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the potential confounding effect of alcohol abuse on neuropsychological test performance in cocaine and alcohol abusing individuals, comparing them with individuals who abused alcohol alone and non-abusing controls.
Nineteen cocaine abusers who also met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence (14 m, 5f; mean age 38.65 ± 3.83) and 20 matched individuals who met criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence alone (12 m, 8f; mean age 38.19 ± 4.82) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests covering executive function, memory, language and visual/visuospatial function after two to four weeks of abstinence. Nineteen matched healthy controls (8 m, 11f; mean age 37.01 ± 5.98) were also tested.
Both the cocaine + alcohol group and the alcohol group performed significantly more poorly than the healthy controls on the executive (ESs 2.13 and 2.57) and memory tests (ESs 0.58 and 1.06). The findings were similar for language (ESs 0.92 and 1.69), where the cocaine + alcohol abusers additionally performed significantly better than the alcohol abusers. Both patient groups were impaired on two of the five tests of visual/visuospatial function, with better performance by the cocaine + alcohol group on one of them.
Chronic cocaine abuse does not appear from this study to be associated with cognitive impairment over and above that which can be attributed to co-existent alcohol abuse.
可卡因滥用已被报道会导致认知功能受损。然而，可卡因滥用者通常也会滥用酒精，而酒精本身就会导致认知障碍。因此，本研究旨在检查酒精滥用对可卡因和酒精滥用个体神经心理测试表现的潜在混杂影响，并将其与仅滥用酒精和未滥用对照组的个体进行比较。
19 名可卡因滥用者同时符合 DSM-IV 酒精滥用/依赖标准（14 名男性，5 名女性；平均年龄 38.65±3.83）和 20 名符合酒精滥用/依赖标准的匹配个体（12 名男性，8 名女性；平均年龄 38.19±4.82）在戒断后 2 至 4 周接受了一系列神经心理测试，涵盖执行功能、记忆、语言和视觉/空间功能。19 名匹配的健康对照组（8 名男性，11 名女性；平均年龄 37.01±5.98）也接受了测试。
可卡因+酒精组和酒精组在执行功能（ESs 2.13 和 2.57）和记忆测试（ESs 0.58 和 1.06）上的表现明显比健康对照组差。在语言方面（ESs 0.92 和 1.69），结果也是如此，可卡因+酒精滥用者的表现明显优于酒精滥用者。两组患者在五项视觉/空间功能测试中的两项都存在障碍，而可卡因+酒精组在其中一项测试中的表现更好。
从这项研究来看，慢性可卡因滥用似乎不会导致认知障碍，除非这种认知障碍可以归因于同时存在的酒精滥用。
