Robinson J E, Heaton R K, O'Malley S S
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1999 Jan;5(1):10-9. doi: 10.1017/s1355617799511028.
Thirty codependent cocaine and alcohol users were compared with age-, education-, race-, and sex-matched cocaine abusers (N = 30) and normals (N = 30) using an extended Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery to determine whether cocaine abusers with alcohol dependence were more cognitively impaired than singly addicted cocaine abusers. Tests were grouped and analyzed according to 8 major ability areas. Participants who abused both cocaine and alcohol did not differ from normals on the majority of test measures. An unexpected but consistent finding was the poorer performance of the cocaine sample relative to cocaine and alcohol abusers on measures of complex psychomotor and simple motor functioning (ps < .001). Pure cocaine abusers, but not abusers of both cocaine and alcohol, also performed more poorly than normals on a measure of global neuropsychological functioning (p < .01). These results are consistent with previous reports of generally mild cognitive dysfunction in cocaine abusers. The findings also suggest that cocaine and alcohol abusers of relatively young ages may be less cognitively impaired than demographically comparable cocaine abusers. Evidence from studies of vascular functioning in abusers of cocaine and alcohol alone and in combination is discussed as possible explanation for these findings.
使用扩展的哈尔斯特德 - 雷顿神经心理测试组合，对30名共依存的可卡因和酒精使用者与年龄、教育程度、种族和性别匹配的可卡因滥用者（N = 30）以及正常人（N = 30）进行比较，以确定伴有酒精依赖的可卡因滥用者是否比单纯成瘾的可卡因滥用者在认知方面受损更严重。测试根据8个主要能力领域进行分组和分析。在大多数测试指标上，同时滥用可卡因和酒精的参与者与正常人没有差异。一个意外但一致的发现是，在复杂心理运动和简单运动功能测试中，可卡因样本的表现比可卡因和酒精滥用者更差（p <.001）。在整体神经心理功能测试中，单纯的可卡因滥用者表现比正常人更差（p <.01），但可卡因和酒精滥用者并非如此。这些结果与之前关于可卡因滥用者普遍存在轻度认知功能障碍的报道一致。研究结果还表明，相对年轻的可卡因和酒精滥用者在认知方面的受损程度可能比人口统计学上可比的可卡因滥用者更小。文中讨论了单独和联合使用可卡因及酒精的滥用者血管功能研究的证据，作为这些发现的可能解释。
