Mahnensmith R L, Aronson P S
Circ Res. 1985 Jun;56(6):773-88. doi: 10.1161/01.res.56.6.773.
The plasma membranes of most if not all vertebrate cells contain a transport system that mediates the transmembrane exchange of sodium for hydrogen. The kinetic properties of this transport system include a 1:1 stoichiometry, affinity for lithium and ammonium ion in addition to sodium and hydrogen, the ability to function in multiple 1:1 exchange modes involving these four cations, sensitivity to inhibition by amiloride and its analogues, and allosteric regulation by intracellular protons. The plasma membrane sodium-hydrogen exchanger plays a physiological role in the regulation of intracellular pH, the control of cell growth and proliferation, stimulus-response coupling in white cells and platelets, the metabolic response to hormones such as insulin and glucocorticoids, the regulation of cell volume, and the transepithelial absorption and secretion of sodium, hydrogen, bicarbonate and chloride ions, and organic anions. Preliminary evidence raises the possibility that the sodium-hydrogen exchanger may play a pathophysiological role in such diverse conditions as renal acid-base disorders, essential hypertension, cancer, and tissue or organ hypertrophy. Thus, future research on cellular acid-base homeostasis in general, and on plasma membrane sodium-hydrogen exchange in particular, will enhance our understanding of a great variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes.
大多数（即便不是全部）脊椎动物细胞的质膜都含有一种转运系统，该系统介导钠与氢的跨膜交换。此转运系统的动力学特性包括1:1的化学计量比、除了对钠和氢有亲和力外，对锂和铵离子也有亲和力、能够以涉及这四种阳离子的多种1:1交换模式发挥作用、对氨氯吡脒及其类似物的抑制敏感以及受细胞内质子的变构调节。质膜钠氢交换体在细胞内pH的调节、细胞生长和增殖的控制、白细胞和血小板中的刺激-反应偶联、对胰岛素和糖皮质激素等激素的代谢反应、细胞体积的调节以及钠、氢、碳酸氢根和氯离子以及有机阴离子的跨上皮吸收和分泌中发挥生理作用。初步证据表明，钠氢交换体可能在诸如肾酸碱紊乱、原发性高血压、癌症以及组织或器官肥大等多种情况下发挥病理生理作用。因此，未来关于细胞酸碱平衡稳态的研究，尤其是关于质膜钠氢交换的研究，将增进我们对多种生理和病理生理过程的理解。
