Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX, USA.
Int J Dermatol. 2019 May;58(5):538-542. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14080. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare angioproliferative tumor whose etiology is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV 8). KS lesions typically involve the skin or mucosal surfaces and are characterized by purplish, red-blue, or brown-black macules, papules, and nodules which are prone to bleeding and ulceration. Definitive diagnosis requires biopsy revealing characteristic angioproliferative features. There are four widely recognized types of KS, which are histologically indistinguishable but differ in epidemiology and prognosis. These include classic, endemic, iatrogenic, and epidemic. KS has been increasingly recognized in a new subgroup of patients: men who have sex with men (MSM) but who are HIV-seronegative human immuodeficiency virus-seronegative and have no identifiable immunodeficiency. This fifth variant of KS, termed nonepidemic KS, resembles classic KS in presentation and prognosis. In this literature review, we report the characteristics of nonepidemic KS based on all published cases and highlight the need for clinicians to recognize this new clinical variant.
卡波西肉瘤（KS）是一种罕见的血管增生性肿瘤，其病因与人类疱疹病毒 8（HHV 8）有关。KS 病变通常涉及皮肤或黏膜表面，其特征为紫红色、蓝红色或棕黑色斑、丘疹和结节，容易出血和溃疡。明确诊断需要活检显示特征性的血管增生特征。有四种广泛认可的 KS 类型，它们在组织学上无法区分，但在流行病学和预后上有所不同。这些包括经典型、地方性、医源性和流行性。KS 在一组新的患者亚群中越来越被认识到：男男性行为者（MSM），但 HIV 血清阴性，人类免疫缺陷病毒血清阴性，且没有可识别的免疫缺陷。这种第五种变体的 KS，称为非流行型 KS，在表现和预后上与经典型 KS 相似。在这篇文献综述中，我们根据所有已发表的病例报告了非流行型 KS 的特征，并强调了临床医生识别这种新的临床变异的必要性。
