Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, McGill University.
Department of Psychology and Departments of Pediatrics and Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Miami.
Emotion. 2019 Mar;19(2):234-241. doi: 10.1037/emo0000410. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
Discrete emotion theories emphasize the modularity of facial expressions, while functionalist theories suggest that a single facial action may have a common meaning across expressions. Smiles involving the Duchenne marker, eye constriction causing crow's feet, are perceived as intensely positive and sincere. To test whether the Duchenne marker is a general index of intensity and sincerity, we contrasted positive and negative expressions with and without the Duchenne marker in a binocular rivalry paradigm. Both smiles and sad expressions involving the Duchenne marker were perceived longer than non-Duchenne expressions, and participants rated all Duchenne expressions as more affectively intense and more sincere than their non-Duchenne counterparts. Correlations between perceptual dominance and ratings suggested that the Duchenne marker increased the dominance of smiles and sad expressions by increasing their perceived affective intensity. The results provide evidence in favor of Darwin's hypothesis that specific facial actions have a general function (conveying affect intensification and sincerity) across expressions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
离散情绪理论强调面部表情的模块化，而功能主义理论则表明，单一的面部动作可能在不同表情中具有共同的含义。涉及杜兴氏肌标记的微笑、引起鱼尾纹的眼睛收缩，被认为是非常积极和真诚的。为了测试杜兴氏肌标记是否是强度和真诚的一般指标，我们在双眼竞争范式中比较了有和没有杜兴氏肌标记的积极和消极表情。涉及杜兴氏肌标记的微笑和悲伤表情都比非杜兴氏肌标记的表情持续时间更长，参与者认为所有涉及杜兴氏肌标记的表情都比非杜兴氏肌标记的表情更具有情感强度和更真诚。感知优势和评分之间的相关性表明，杜兴氏肌标记通过增加感知到的情感强度，增加了微笑和悲伤表情的优势。研究结果为达尔文的假设提供了证据，即特定的面部动作在不同表情中具有共同的功能（传达情感增强和真诚）。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
