Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, United States.
Appetite. 2018 Oct 1;129:82-93. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.012. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
Perceptions of peer food and beverage consumption norms may predict personal consumption. Yet actual peer norms may be misperceived. Data were collected from adolescents in grades 6-12 (n = 5841) in 13 schools across six regionally diverse states via an anonymous online survey. The male and female averages for the number of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) personally consumed per day were significantly lower than average perceptions of the typical number of SSBs consumed by peers. Inversely, the male and female averages for the number of fruit and vegetable (FV) servings personally consumed per day were significantly higher than average perceptions of typical FVs consumed by peers. Among the majority of male and female grade cohorts, the median SSB consumption was 1 drink per day and the median FV intake was 3 servings per day. Regression analyses found a strong relationship between personal consumption and perceived peer norms about male and female consumption (β = 0.56, p < .001 for perceived male norm among male students and β = 0.52, p < .001 for perceived female norm among female students about SSB consumption, for example), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and actual consumption norms. Overall, 65% and 67% of students overestimated average SSB consumption among males and females in their grade cohort, respectively, while less than 5% underestimated these norms. In addition, 49% and 52% of students underestimated average FV intake among males and females in their grade cohort, respectively, while only about 25-30% overestimated the norm. There was little difference in male and female students' estimations of peer norms. Unhealthy misperceptions of SSB norms and FV norms existed across all student categories and grade cohorts, which may contribute to unhealthy personal dietary patterns.
同伴的食物和饮料消费规范的认知可能会预测个人消费。然而，实际的同伴规范可能会被误解。这项研究的数据来自六个地区多样化的州的 13 所学校的 6-12 年级的青少年，通过匿名在线调查收集。男生和女生平均每天个人消费的含糖饮料（SSB）数量明显低于对同伴平均消费 SSB 数量的感知。相反，男生和女生平均每天个人消费的水果和蔬菜（FV）份数明显高于对同伴平均消费 FV 数量的感知。在大多数男女生年级群体中，SSB 的中位数消耗量为每天 1 份，FV 的中位数摄入量为每天 3 份。回归分析发现，个人消费与对男性和女性消费的同伴规范感知之间存在很强的关系（例如，对于男生，β = 0.56，p <.001；对于女生，β = 0.52，p <.001），这是在调整了社会人口统计学特征和实际消费规范之后得出的结果。总体而言，分别有 65%和 67%的学生高估了其所在年级男生和女生的 SSB 平均消费水平，而低估这些规范的学生不到 5%。此外，分别有 49%和 52%的学生低估了其所在年级男生和女生的 FV 平均摄入量，而只有约 25-30%的学生高估了这一规范。男生和女生学生对同伴规范的估计差异不大。在所有学生群体和年级群体中，SSB 规范和 FV 规范都存在不健康的错误认知，这可能导致不健康的个人饮食模式。
