Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53704, USA.
Ecology. 2018 Sep;99(9):1909-1919. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2418. Epub 2018 Jul 26.
Recently plant biologists have documented that plants, like animals, engage in many activities that can be considered as behaviors, although plant biologists currently lack a conceptual framework to understand these processes. Borrowing the well-established framework developed by psychologists, we propose that plant behaviors can be constructively modeled by identifying four distinct components: (1) a cue or stimulus that provides information, (2) a judgment whereby the plant perceives and processes this informative cue, (3) a decision whereby the plant chooses among several options based on their relative costs and benefits, and (4) action. Judgment for plants can be determined empirically by monitoring signaling associated with electrical, calcium, or hormonal fluxes. Decision-making can be evaluated empirically by monitoring gene expression or differential allocation of resources. We provide examples of the utility of this judgment and decision-making framework by considering cases in which plants either successfully or unsuccessfully induced resistance against attacking herbivores. Separating judgment from decision-making suggests new analytical paradigms (i.e., Bayesian methods for judgment and economic utility models for decision-making). Following this framework, we propose an experimental approach to plant behavior that explicitly manipulates the stimuli provided to plants, uses plants that vary in sensory abilities, and examines how environmental context affects plant responses. The concepts and approaches that follow from the judgment and decision-making framework can shape how we study and understand plant-herbivore interactions, biological invasions, plant responses to climate change, and the susceptibility of plants to evolutionary traps.
最近，植物生物学家已经记录到，植物与动物一样，会进行许多可以被视为行为的活动，尽管植物生物学家目前缺乏理解这些过程的概念框架。我们借鉴心理学家已经建立的完善框架，提出植物行为可以通过识别四个不同的组成部分进行建设性建模：（1）提供信息的线索或刺激，（2）植物感知和处理该信息性线索的判断，（3）植物根据相对成本和收益在几个选项中进行选择的决策，以及（4）行动。植物的判断可以通过监测与电、钙或激素通量相关的信号来进行经验性确定。决策可以通过监测基因表达或资源的差异分配来进行经验性评估。我们通过考虑植物成功或不成功地诱导对攻击其的食草动物的抗性的情况，提供了这种判断和决策框架的实用性示例。将判断与决策分开，可以提出新的分析范式（即，用于判断的贝叶斯方法和用于决策的经济效用模型）。根据这一框架，我们提出了一种明确操纵植物所接受刺激的植物行为实验方法，使用在感知能力上存在差异的植物，并研究环境背景如何影响植物的反应。判断和决策框架所遵循的概念和方法可以影响我们研究和理解植物-食草动物相互作用、生物入侵、植物对气候变化的反应以及植物对进化陷阱的敏感性的方式。
