Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Exp Dermatol. 2019 Dec;28(12):1373-1379. doi: 10.1111/exd.13705. Epub 2018 Aug 7.
Basophils are blood granulocytes and normally constitute <1% of blood peripheral leucocytes. Basophils share some morphological and functional similarities with mast cells, and basophils were once regarded as redundant and negligible circulating mast cells. However, recent studies reveal the indispensable roles of basophils in various diseases, including allergic and pruritic diseases. Basophils may be involved in itch through the mediation of a Th2 immune response, interaction with other cells in the skin and secretion of a wide variety of itch-related mediators, for example histamine, cytokines and chemokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and TSLP), proteases (cathepsin S), prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGD2), substance P and platelet-activating factor. Not only pruritic skin diseases (eg, atopic dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, chronic urticaria, prurigo, papulo-erythroderma of Ofuji, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, scabies, tick bites and bullous pemphigoid) but also pruritic systemic diseases (eg, primary sclerosing cholangitis and polycythemia vera) may be affected by basophils.
嗜碱性粒细胞是血液中的粒细胞，通常占外周血白细胞的<1%。嗜碱性粒细胞与肥大细胞在形态和功能上有一些相似之处，因此曾经被认为是多余的、可以忽略不计的循环肥大细胞。然而，最近的研究揭示了嗜碱性粒细胞在各种疾病中的不可或缺的作用，包括过敏性和瘙痒性疾病。嗜碱性粒细胞可能通过 Th2 免疫反应的介导、与皮肤中的其他细胞相互作用以及分泌各种与瘙痒相关的介质（例如组胺、细胞因子和趋化因子（IL-4、IL-13、IL-31 和 TSLP）、蛋白酶（组织蛋白酶 S）、前列腺素（PGE2 和 PGD2）、P 物质和血小板激活因子）来参与瘙痒。不仅瘙痒性皮肤病（例如特应性皮炎、刺激性接触性皮炎、慢性荨麻疹、瘙痒症、大疱性类天疱疮、嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎、疥疮、蜱虫叮咬和天疱疮），而且瘙痒性系统性疾病（例如原发性硬化性胆管炎和真性红细胞增多症）也可能受到嗜碱性粒细胞的影响。
