Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Translational Research Department for Skin and Brain Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Exp Dermatol. 2019 Dec;28(12):1405-1411. doi: 10.1111/exd.14014. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
Mast cells, eosinophils and basophils are central effector immune cells in allergic skin inflammation including atopic dermatitis (AD). Recent studies revealed that the bidirectional interaction between these three immune cell types (mast cells, eosinophils and basophils) and the nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation, pain and pruritus. Emerging evidence shows that these cells are the main source of pruritogens such as histamine, neuropeptides and cytokines, which are potential new therapeutic targets for drug development in chronic pruritus. For instance, many Th2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, 13 and 31 have been recognized as some of the most promising targets for the treatment of chronic pruritus in AD. In this review, we highlight the link between these three immune cell subsets and peripheral nerves, with emphasis on the development of chronic pruritus such as AD. We present cytokines and receptors of these three immune cells and peripheral nerves, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these neuro-immunological processes.
肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞是变应性皮肤炎症（包括特应性皮炎）中重要的效应免疫细胞。最近的研究表明，这三种免疫细胞类型（肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞）与神经系统的双向相互作用参与了神经源性炎症、疼痛和瘙痒的发病机制。新出现的证据表明，这些细胞是引起瘙痒的物质（如组胺、神经肽和细胞因子）的主要来源，它们是慢性瘙痒症药物开发的潜在新治疗靶点。例如，许多 Th2 细胞因子，包括白细胞介素（IL）-4、13 和 31，已被认为是治疗 AD 慢性瘙痒的最有希望的靶点之一。在这篇综述中，我们强调了这三个免疫细胞亚群与外周神经之间的联系，重点介绍了慢性瘙痒症（如 AD）的发病机制。我们介绍了这三种免疫细胞和外周神经的细胞因子和受体，并讨论了针对这些神经免疫过程的治疗潜力。
