International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Sep;122:98-107. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.019. Epub 2018 Jun 9.
A total of 219 endophytic actinobacteria, isolated from roots, stems and leaves of chickpea, were characterized for antagonistic potential against Botrytis cinerea, causal organism of Botrytis grey mold (BGM) disease, in chickpea. Among them, three most potential endophytes, AUR2, AUR4 and ARR4 were further characterized for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) and nodulating potentials and host-plant resistance against B. cinerea, in chickpea. The sequences of 16 S rDNA gene of the three endophytes were matched with Streptomyces but different species. In planta, the isolate AUR4 alone was able to significantly enhance PGP traits including seed numbers (11.8 vs. 9.8/Plant), seed weight (8 vs. 6.8 g/Plant), pod numbers (13.6 vs. 11.5/Plant), pod weight (9.3 vs. 7.5 g/Plant) and biomass (10.9 vs. 8 g/Plant) over the un-inoculated control in chickpea genotype JG11. Interestingly, consortium of the selected endophytes, AUR2, AUR4 and ARR4 were found less effective than single inoculation. Co-inoculation of the selected endophytes with Mesorhizobium ciceri significantly enhanced nodulation and nitrogenase activity in five chickpea genotypes including ICCV2, ICCV10, ICC4958, Annigeri and JG11 over the un-inoculated control. The selected endophytes showed antagonistic potential in planta by significant reduction of disease incidence (28─52%) in both single inoculation and consortium treatments over the un-inoculated control across the genotypes ICC4954 (susceptible), ICCV05530 (moderately resistant) and JG11 (unknown resistance). Further, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase and phenolics were found induced in the leaves of chickpea inoculated with selected endophytes over un-inoculated control. Principal component analysis revealed that, the antioxidant enzymes and phenolics were found in the magnitude of ICC4954 < JG11 < ICCV05530 which correlates with their resistance level. The selected endophytes enhanced the plant growth and also host plant resistance against BGM in chickpea.
从鹰嘴豆的根、茎和叶中共分离到 219 株内生放线菌，它们对鹰嘴豆灰霉病（BGM）的病原菌 Botrytis cinerea 具有拮抗作用。其中，AUR2、AUR4 和 ARR4 这 3 株最具潜力的内生菌进一步表现出对鹰嘴豆的促生（PGP）和结瘤潜力，以及对 B. cinerea 的宿主植物抗性。这 3 株内生菌的 16S rDNA 序列与链霉菌属不同种的序列相匹配。在植物体内，单独的分离株 AUR4 就能显著增强鹰嘴豆基因型 JG11 的 PGP 特性，包括种子数量（11.8 比 9.8/株）、种子重量（8 比 6.8 g/株）、荚果数量（13.6 比 11.5/株）、荚果重量（9.3 比 7.5 g/株）和生物量（10.9 比 8 g/株），而对照未接种的植株没有这些特性。有趣的是，所选内生菌的混合接种效果不如单一接种效果好。与 Mesorhizobium ciceri 共同接种所选内生菌可显著提高 ICCV2、ICCV10、ICCV4958、Annigeri 和 JG11 这 5 个鹰嘴豆基因型的结瘤和固氮酶活性，而对照未接种的植株没有这些特性。所选内生菌在植物体内具有拮抗作用，在单一接种和混合接种处理中，在 ICC4954（易感）、ICCV05530（中度抗性）和 JG11（未知抗性）这 3 个基因型中，病害发生率均比对照显著降低（28─52%）。此外，与对照相比，接种所选内生菌的鹰嘴豆叶片中还发现了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶等抗氧化酶和酚类物质的诱导。主成分分析显示，抗氧化酶和酚类物质的含量在 ICC4954<JG11<ICCV05530 之间，这与它们的抗性水平有关。所选内生菌在鹰嘴豆中既能促进植物生长，又能增强宿主植物对 BGM 的抗性。
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