Xin Wendy, Bonci Antonello
Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 May 24;12:141. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00141. eCollection 2018.
In recent years, the role of astrocytes in shaping neuronal signaling has come to the forefront of neuroscience research. The development of genetic tools that enable targeted manipulation of astrocytes has revealed a wealth of mechanisms by which they can alter the synaptic strength and intrinsic excitability of neurons in behaviorally relevant ways. In parallel, several studies have demonstrated significant variability in the gene expression and physiology of astrocytes within and between brain regions. Thus, to form an accurate understanding of how astrocytes contribute to neuronal transmission, we must take into consideration the diversity that exists in their intrinsic properties. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on astrocyte heterogeneity and discuss the implications for their interactions with neurons and their effects on neuronal transmission.
近年来，星形胶质细胞在塑造神经元信号传导中的作用已成为神经科学研究的前沿领域。能够对星形胶质细胞进行靶向操纵的基因工具的发展，揭示了大量机制，通过这些机制，它们能够以与行为相关的方式改变神经元的突触强度和内在兴奋性。与此同时，多项研究表明，脑区内部和之间的星形胶质细胞在基因表达和生理学方面存在显著差异。因此，为了准确理解星形胶质细胞如何促进神经元传递，我们必须考虑其内在特性中存在的多样性。在这篇综述中，我们将总结关于星形胶质细胞异质性的最新发现，并讨论其与神经元相互作用及其对神经元传递影响的意义。
