Hartmann Samuel, Ledur Kist Tarso B
Laboratory of Methods, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91.501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Biomark Med. 2018 Jun;12(6):677-690. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0388. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
The discovery of biomarkers that confer high confidence of presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis would be a valuable tool to study the etiology of the disease, to find risk factors, to discover more treatments and medicines. The present work reviews the potential biomarkers of AD based on the concentration changes of small molecules and chemical elements in noninvasive samples (urine, saliva, hair and others). An updated table with 74 target compounds is produced and ranked. Until the present date, there are a few biomarkers, present in urine, with the most promising potential: isoprostane 8,12-iso-iPF2a-VI, total free amino acids, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, glycine and enzymatic activity of NaCl-stimulated PON1. All show increased levels in AD carriers, with the exception of NaCl-stimulated PON1.
发现能够高度准确地进行症状前阿尔茨海默病（AD）诊断的生物标志物，将成为研究该疾病病因、寻找风险因素、发现更多治疗方法和药物的宝贵工具。本研究基于非侵入性样本（尿液、唾液、头发等）中小分子和化学元素的浓度变化，对AD的潜在生物标志物进行了综述。制作并列出了一份包含74种目标化合物的最新表格并进行了排名。截至目前，尿液中存在一些具有最有前景潜力的生物标志物：异前列腺素8,12-异-iPF2a-VI、总游离氨基酸、8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷、甘氨酸以及NaCl刺激的对氧磷酶1（PON1）的酶活性。除了NaCl刺激的PON1外，所有这些在AD携带者中水平均升高。
