Bălașa Adrian Florian, Chircov Cristina, Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai
Târgu Mures, Emergency Clinical Hospital, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, RO-540142 Târgu Mures, Romania.
Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania.
Biomedicines. 2020 Oct 15;8(10):421. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8100421.
Neurodegeneration is a highly complex process which is associated with a variety of molecular mechanisms related to ageing. Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common, affecting more than 45 million individuals. The underlying mechanisms involve amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition, which will subsequently lead to oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, neuron dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The current diagnosis methods are still limited in regard to the possibility of the accurate and early detection of the diseases. Therefore, research has shifted towards the identification of novel biomarkers and matrices as biomarker sources, beyond amyloid-β and tau protein levels within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), that could improve AD diagnosis. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of both conventional and novel biomarkers for AD found within body fluids, including CSF, blood, saliva, urine, tears, and olfactory fluids.
神经退行性变是一个高度复杂的过程，与多种与衰老相关的分子机制有关。在神经退行性疾病中，阿尔茨海默病（AD）最为常见，影响着超过4500万人。其潜在机制包括淀粉样斑块和神经原纤维缠结（NFTs）沉积，随后会导致氧化应激、慢性神经炎症、神经元功能障碍和神经退行性变。目前的诊断方法在准确和早期检测这些疾病的可能性方面仍然有限。因此，研究已转向识别新型生物标志物以及作为生物标志物来源的基质，除了脑脊液（CSF）中的淀粉样β蛋白和tau蛋白水平之外，这些生物标志物和基质可以改善AD的诊断。在此背景下，本文旨在概述在体液（包括CSF、血液、唾液、尿液、眼泪和嗅觉液）中发现的AD的传统和新型生物标志物。
