Loureiro C, Garcia C, Adana L, Yacelga T, Rodriguez-Lorenzana A, Maruta C
Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador.
Laboratorio de Estudios de Lenguaje, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Rev Neurol. 2018 Jun 16;66(12):397-408.
To analyze the frequency of use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a cognitive screening instrument, cross-cultural adaptation, the existence of normative data and clinical validation studies in Latin America Hispanic countries.
The Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases were consulted between April and June 2017 according to the PRISMA methodology. We included all studies referencing the MoCA as an instrument to evaluate cognitive deterioration conducted in Latin America and that included normative and psychometric data, as well as its clinical validation.
Of the 80 studies identified, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies mentioned the use of the Spanish version of the MoCA and reported a statistically significant effect of gender, age and, most of all, education on the performance of this test. Only five studies presented with a detailed analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the test, and in most articles cut-off scores for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment were the same as the original study.
The small number of articles identified may reflect a late start of the use of MoCA in Latin America. A tendency towards the use of this test without making a cross-cultural adaptation and the use of international norms was observed in this region. The present systematic review demonstrates the need for future research tackling the development of a linguistically adapted version of the MoCA to Latin America and the study of its psychometric properties, with the aim of improving cognitive assessment.
分析蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）作为认知筛查工具在拉丁美洲西班牙语国家的使用频率、跨文化适应性、常模数据的存在情况以及临床验证研究。
根据PRISMA方法，于2017年4月至6月检索了Medline、PsycINFO、Web of Science、Scopus和Scielo数据库。我们纳入了所有在拉丁美洲进行的、将MoCA作为评估认知衰退工具的研究，这些研究包括常模和心理测量数据以及其临床验证。
在检索到的80项研究中，19项符合纳入标准。大多数研究提到使用了MoCA的西班牙语版本，并报告了性别、年龄，尤其是教育程度对该测试成绩有统计学显著影响。只有五项研究对该测试的心理测量特征进行了详细分析，并且在大多数文章中，认知障碍诊断的截断分数与原始研究相同。
所识别出的文章数量较少可能反映出MoCA在拉丁美洲的使用起步较晚。在该地区观察到一种倾向，即使用该测试时未进行跨文化适应且使用国际常模。本系统评价表明，未来需要开展研究，开发适合拉丁美洲语言的MoCA版本并研究其心理测量特性，以改善认知评估。
