Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS UMR 8227, UPMC Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, F-29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; email:
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2018 Sep 8;72:89-110. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062148. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous heterotrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Although they are a small percentage of the bacteria in these environments, vibrios can predominate during blooms. Vibrios also play important roles in the degradation of polymeric substances, such as chitin, and in other biogeochemical processes. Vibrios can be found as free-living bacteria, attached to particles, or associated with other organisms in a mutualistic, commensal, or pathogenic relationship. This review focuses on vibrio ecology and genome plasticity, which confers an ability to adapt to new niches and is driven, at least in part, by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The extent of HGT and its role in pathogen emergence are discussed based on genomic studies of environmental and pathogenic vibrios, mobile genetically encoded virulence factors, and mechanistic studies on the different modes of HGT.
弧菌是一种普遍存在于水生环境中的异养细菌属。尽管它们在这些环境中的细菌比例很小，但弧菌在大量繁殖时可能会占优势。弧菌在聚合物物质（如几丁质）的降解和其他生物地球化学过程中也起着重要作用。弧菌可以作为自由生活的细菌、附着在颗粒上或以共生、共栖或致病性的关系与其他生物体相关联。本综述重点介绍了弧菌的生态学和基因组可塑性，这使其具有适应新生态位的能力，而这种能力至少部分是由水平基因转移（HGT）驱动的。基于对环境和致病性弧菌的基因组研究、移动遗传编码毒力因子以及不同 HGT 模式的机制研究，讨论了 HGT 的程度及其在病原体出现中的作用。
