Parsonson I M, Snowdon W A
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1985;178:27-35.
Since 1975 3 serotypes of bluetongue (BT) virus (BTV) have been identified in Australia: BTV1 (CSIRO156), BTV20 (CSIRO19) and BTV21. At present 2 further BT viruses (DPP90 and DPP192) have been isolated from the blood of healthy cattle in the Northern Territory (NT) and are undergoing identification. There is serological evidence for BTV15 infection in Western Australia (WA) and the NT, and a background level of serological activity to BTV serotypes 1 to 17. In addition, over 50 isolations of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) viruses (EHDV) have been made and can be divided into 5 main serotypes, CSIRO157, CSIRO439, CSIRO753, CSIRO775 and DPP59. All 5 serotypes occur within the ecological range of Culicoides brevitarsis, however, as for BTV, the high prevalence of antibodies in cattle in the Kimberley region of WA and the top end of the NT suggests other vectors may also be responsible. CSIRO439 has been shown to be closely related serologically to Ibaraki virus while the other EHD viruses were distinct from Ibaraki and from each other. The complex serological relationships between BTV, EHDV and Palyam virus groups are currently being examined using serological and biochemical techniques. It is often difficult to determine the differences between BTV and EHDV serogroup members. Antibodies to both BTV and EHDV have been found in cattle, buffaloes and deer but there has been no evidence of clinical disease in any of these species or in sheep under field conditions in Australia.
自1975年以来，在澳大利亚已鉴定出3种血清型的蓝舌病（BT）病毒（BTV）：BTV1（CSIRO156）、BTV20（CSIRO19）和BTV21。目前，又从北领地（NT）健康牛的血液中分离出2种BT病毒（DPP90和DPP192），正在进行鉴定。在西澳大利亚州（WA）和北领地有BTV15感染的血清学证据，并存在针对BTV 1至17血清型的背景血清学活性水平。此外，已进行了50多次鹿流行性出血病（EHD）病毒（EHDV）的分离，可分为5种主要血清型，即CSIRO157、CSIRO439、CSIRO753、CSIRO775和DPP59。所有这5种血清型都出现在短跗库蠓的生态范围内，然而，与BTV一样，西澳大利亚州金伯利地区和北领地顶端牛群中抗体的高流行率表明其他媒介可能也有传播作用。已证明CSIRO439在血清学上与茨城县病毒密切相关，而其他EHD病毒与茨城县病毒不同，且彼此也不同。目前正在使用血清学和生化技术研究BTV、EHDV和帕利亚姆病毒组之间复杂的血清学关系。通常很难确定BTV和EHDV血清群成员之间的差异。在牛、水牛和鹿中都发现了针对BTV和EHDV的抗体，但在澳大利亚的野外条件下，这些物种或绵羊中均没有临床疾病的证据。
