College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China.
Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea.
J Econ Entomol. 2018 Aug 3;111(4):1813-1823. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy132.
Asiatic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura), is an important insect pest of apple in Northeast Asia. Its larvae mine the leaves and are best managed by targeted sprays. Little is known about its thermal development characteristics, thus, immature P. ringoniella development was investigated under eight constant temperatures (13.3, 15.3, 20.7, 23.6, 26.1, 30.0, 32.3, and 35.0°C) in the laboratory. The total developmental period of the immature stage (egg-pupa) was inversely related to temperature and decreased from 76.4 d at 13.3°C to 25.9 d at 26.1°C. The developmental periods of eggs, larvae, and pupae ranged from 4.8 to 15.2, 15.5 to 40.3, and 5.7 to 21.6 d, respectively. Eggs, larvae, and pupae did not survive at 35.0°C. According to the ordinary linear model, the lower developmental threshold temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and total immature stage were estimated as 6.7, 6.7, 9.6, and 7.1°C, and the thermal constants as 93.5, 286.5, 94.6, and 480.1 degree-days (DD), respectively. There were large differences among 11 nonlinear models for estimating lower and upper temperature thresholds, and small differences in estimating optimal temperature. Nonlinear temperature-dependent developmental rates were best represented by Lactin-1 model for egg and Briere-1 model for other stages. Stage transition models from eggs to adults of P. ringoniella were constructed by two-parameter Weibull function with the respective selected nonlinear developmental rate models. This study provides a fundamental understanding of thermal traits of P. ringoniella development which will be a useful tool to predict stage transition and for developing decision-based spray timings for integrated pest management.
亚洲苹果叶螨，Phyllonorycter ringoniella（松村），是东北亚苹果的一种重要害虫。其幼虫在叶片中取食，最好通过有针对性的喷雾进行管理。然而，人们对其热发育特征知之甚少，因此，在实验室条件下，研究了 8 个恒温（13.3、15.3、20.7、23.6、26.1、30.0、32.3 和 35.0°C）下未成熟的 P. ringoniella 的发育情况。幼期（卵-蛹）的总发育期与温度呈负相关，从 13.3°C时的 76.4 天减少到 26.1°C时的 25.9 天。卵、幼虫和蛹的发育期分别为 4.8-15.2、15.5-40.3 和 5.7-21.6 天。35.0°C时，卵、幼虫和蛹均不能存活。根据普通线性模型，卵、幼虫、蛹和整个幼期的发育下限温度分别估计为 6.7、6.7、9.6 和 7.1°C，热常数分别为 93.5、286.5、94.6 和 480.1 度日（DD）。11 种非线性模型估计下、上限温度的差异较大，而估计最佳温度的差异较小。Lactin-1 模型最适合卵的非线性温度相关发育速率，Briere-1 模型最适合其他阶段的非线性温度相关发育速率。利用双参数 Weibull 函数构建了 P. ringoniella 从卵到成虫的各阶段的过渡模型，并选择了相应的非线性发育速率模型。本研究为 P. ringoniella 发育的热特征提供了基本了解，这将是预测阶段过渡和制定基于决策的综合虫害管理喷雾时机的有用工具。
