University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, United States of America.
Hacettepe University Institute of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 14;13(6):e0197920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197920. eCollection 2018.
Childhood obesity rates have been rising rapidly in developing countries. A better understanding of the risk factors and social context is necessary to inform public health interventions and policies. This paper describes the validation of several measurement scales for use in Turkey, which relate to child and parent perceptions of physical activity (PA) and enablers and barriers of physical activity in the home environment.
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of several measurement scales in Turkey using a population sample across three socio-economic strata in the Turkish capital, Ankara. Surveys were conducted in Grade 4 children (mean age = 9.7 years for boys; 9.9 years for girls), and their parents, across 6 randomly selected schools, stratified by SES (n = 641 students, 483 parents). Construct validity of the scales was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency of scales and test-retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation.
The scales as a whole were found to have acceptable-to-good model fit statistics (PA Barriers: RMSEA = 0.076, SRMR = 0.0577, AGFI = 0.901; PA Outcome Expectancies: RMSEA = 0.054, SRMR = 0.0545, AGFI = 0.916, and PA Home Environment: RMSEA = 0.038, SRMR = 0.0233, AGFI = 0.976). The PA Barriers subscales showed good internal consistency and poor to fair test-retest reliability (personal α = 0.79, ICC = 0.29, environmental α = 0.73, ICC = 0.59). The PA Outcome Expectancies subscales showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability (negative α = 0.77, ICC = 0.56; positive α = 0.74, ICC = 0.49). Only the PA Home Environment subscale on support for PA was validated in the final confirmatory model; it showed moderate internal consistency and test-retest reliability (α = 0.61, ICC = 0.48).
This study is the first to validate measures of perceptions of physical activity and the physical activity home environment in Turkey. Our results support the originally hypothesized two-factor structures for Physical Activity Barriers and Physical Activity Outcome Expectancies. However, we found the one-factor rather than two-factor structure for Physical Activity Home Environment had the best model fit. This study provides general support for the use of these scales in Turkey in terms of validity, but test-retest reliability warrants further research.
发展中国家儿童肥胖率迅速上升。为了制定公共卫生干预措施和政策，有必要更好地了解风险因素和社会环境。本文描述了几种测量量表在土耳其的验证情况，这些量表涉及儿童和家长对身体活动的感知以及家庭环境中身体活动的促进因素和障碍。
本研究的目的是使用土耳其首都安卡拉三个社会经济阶层的人口样本评估几种测量量表在土耳其的有效性和可靠性。在 6 所随机选择的学校中对 4 年级儿童（男孩平均年龄为 9.7 岁；女孩为 9.9 岁）及其父母进行了调查。通过探索性和验证性因子分析评估量表的结构效度。通过 Cronbach 的 alpha 和组内相关评估量表的内部一致性和重测信度。
总的来说，这些量表的模型拟合统计数据良好（PA 障碍：RMSEA = 0.076，SRMR = 0.0577，AGFI = 0.901；PA 结果预期：RMSEA = 0.054，SRMR = 0.0545，AGFI = 0.916，PA 家庭环境：RMSEA = 0.038，SRMR = 0.0233，AGFI = 0.976）。PA 障碍子量表具有良好的内部一致性和较差到中等的重测信度（个人 α = 0.79，ICC = 0.29，环境 α = 0.73，ICC = 0.59）。PA 结果预期子量表具有良好的内部一致性和重测信度（负向 α = 0.77，ICC = 0.56；正向 α = 0.74，ICC = 0.49）。只有 PA 家庭环境对 PA 的支持子量表在最终验证性模型中得到验证；它具有中等的内部一致性和重测信度（α = 0.61，ICC = 0.48）。
这是第一项在土耳其验证身体活动感知和身体活动家庭环境测量的研究。我们的结果支持体育活动障碍和体育活动结果预期的最初假设的两因素结构。然而，我们发现体育活动家庭环境的单因素结构而不是两因素结构具有最佳的模型拟合度。就有效性而言，这项研究为这些量表在土耳其的使用提供了普遍支持，但重测信度需要进一步研究。
