Keller C, Wenker C, Jermann T, Hirschi R, Schildger B, Meier R, Schmidt-Posthaus H
Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern.
Zoo Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2018 Jun;160(6):385-393. doi: 10.17236/sat00165.
Piscine mycobacteriosis is a lethal disease with zoonotic potential, found worldwide in both fresh and marine fish. More than 20 strains of Mycobacterium spp. are known to persist in fish so far, but the pathogenicity is currently unknown for most of them. However, M. marinum is reported as one of the most pathogenic agents for fish and is involved in zoonotic cases. We examined 47 different cases from two zoological gardens, where fish tuberculosis was identified or previously suspected during the last ten years. We collected PCR and sequencing data, which were then compared to previously collected clinical data and pathology. The clinical signs caused by Mycobacterium spp. were similar in all the cases, except for cases infected by M. marinum, which lacked the presence of skin lesions. Lesions seen in histology caused by M. marinum tended to be more acute and severe compared lesions caused by other Mycobacterium spp. The majority of M. marinum cases have been reported within marine fish. In contrast to previous studies we detected this species to be the predominant bacteria present within freshwater fish. Interestingly, we detected M. holsaticum in one of the seawater systems used in this project, being the first report of this Mycobacterium species shown to be present in a fish.
鱼分枝杆菌病是一种具有人畜共患病潜力的致命疾病，在世界各地的淡水鱼和海水鱼中均有发现。目前已知有20多种分枝杆菌菌株可在鱼类中存活，但其中大多数的致病性尚不清楚。然而，海分枝杆菌被报道为鱼类最具致病性的病原体之一，并与人畜共患病病例有关。我们检查了来自两个动物园的47个不同病例，这些病例在过去十年中被确诊或曾被怀疑患有鱼结核病。我们收集了聚合酶链反应（PCR）和测序数据，然后将其与之前收集的临床数据和病理学数据进行比较。除感染海分枝杆菌的病例外，分枝杆菌属引起的临床症状在所有病例中都相似，感染海分枝杆菌的病例没有皮肤病变。与其他分枝杆菌属引起的病变相比，海分枝杆菌引起的组织学病变往往更急性、更严重。大多数海分枝杆菌病例是在海水鱼中报道的。与之前的研究不同，我们检测到该菌种是淡水鱼中存在的主要细菌。有趣的是，我们在本项目使用的一个海水系统中检测到了霍尔萨分枝杆菌，这是该分枝杆菌菌种首次在鱼类中被发现的报道。
