Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
Vaccine. 2018 Jul 16;36(30):4433-4439. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.066. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccinations. The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial rule in the development and regulation of the immune system and therefore its composition might affect how individuals respond to vaccinations. In this review, we summarise studies that investigated the influence of the intestinal microbiome on humoral and cellular vaccine responses. To date, only four studies (three in infants and one in adults) have investigated the influence of the intestinal microbiome on vaccine responses. All found an association between the intestinal microbiome and vaccine responses. Despite the heterogeneity in study designs (including different vaccines, schedules, timing of collection of stool and blood samples, analysis methods and reporting of results on different taxonomic levels), findings across studies were consistent: a higher relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria (oral and parenteral vaccines) and Firmicutes (oral vaccines) was associated with both higher humoral and higher cellular vaccine responses, while a higher relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (oral and parenteral vaccines) and Bacteroidetes (oral vaccines) was associated with lower responses. Further, well-designed, adequately powered studies using whole-genome sequencing (to include the influence of viruses, fungi and parasites) are needed to investigate in more detail the influence of the intestinal microbiome on vaccine responses. This will help identify strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and duration of protection, particularly in infancy when the intestinal microbiome is more amenable to external influences and plays an important role in the development of the immune system.
个体之间对疫苗的免疫反应存在很大差异。肠道微生物组在免疫系统的发育和调节中起着至关重要的作用，因此其组成可能会影响个体对疫苗的反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了研究肠道微生物组对体液和细胞疫苗反应影响的研究。迄今为止，只有四项研究（三项在婴儿中，一项在成人中）调查了肠道微生物组对疫苗反应的影响。所有研究都发现了肠道微生物组与疫苗反应之间的关联。尽管研究设计存在异质性（包括不同的疫苗、方案、粪便和血液样本采集时间、分析方法以及在不同分类水平上报告结果），但研究结果具有一致性：厚壁菌门（口服和肌肉注射疫苗）和Firmicutes（口服疫苗）的相对丰度较高与体液和细胞疫苗反应均较高相关，而 Proteobacteria 门（口服和肌肉注射疫苗）和 Bacteroidetes 门（口服疫苗）的相对丰度较高与反应较低相关。此外，需要进行设计良好、充分有力的使用全基因组测序的研究（包括病毒、真菌和寄生虫的影响），以更详细地研究肠道微生物组对疫苗反应的影响。这将有助于确定提高疫苗效力和保护持续时间的策略，特别是在婴儿时期，肠道微生物组更容易受到外部影响，并在免疫系统发育中发挥重要作用。
