d'Ippolito Giuliana, Nuzzo Genoveffa, Sardo Angela, Manzo Emiliano, Gallo Carmela, Fontana Angelo
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
Methods Enzymol. 2018;605:69-100. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.02.021. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
Marine diatoms negatively affect reproduction and later larval development of dominant zooplankton grazers such as copepods, thereby lowering the recruitment of the next generations of these small crustaceans that are a major food source for larval fish species. The phenomenon has been explained in terms of chemical defense due to grazer-induced synthesis of oxylipins, lipoxygenase-derived oxygenated fatty acid derivatives. Since this first report, studies about diatom oxylipins have multiplied and broadened toward other aspects concerning bloom dynamics, cell growth, and cell differentiation. Diatom oxylipins embrace a number of diverse structures that are recognized as chemical signals in ecological and physiological processes in many other organisms. In diatoms, the most studied examples include polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) and nonvolatile oxylipins (NVOs). The purpose of this chapter is to provide the analytical tools to deal with identification, analysis and biosynthesis of these compounds. Emphasis is given to identification of the enzymatic steps and characterization of the species-specific lipoxygenases even in absence of the availability of molecular information.
海洋硅藻会对诸如桡足类等主要浮游动物食草动物的繁殖及后期幼体发育产生负面影响，从而降低这些小型甲壳类动物下一代的补充数量，而这些小型甲壳类动物是幼体鱼类的主要食物来源。这种现象已根据食草动物诱导的氧脂合成（脂氧合酶衍生的氧化脂肪酸衍生物）所产生的化学防御作用进行了解释。自首次报道以来，关于硅藻氧脂的研究数量不断增加，且研究范围已扩展至有关水华动态、细胞生长和细胞分化的其他方面。硅藻氧脂包含多种不同结构，这些结构在许多其他生物体的生态和生理过程中被视为化学信号。在硅藻中，研究最多的例子包括多不饱和醛（PUA）和非挥发性氧脂（NVO）。本章的目的是提供用于处理这些化合物的鉴定、分析和生物合成的分析工具。即使在缺乏分子信息的情况下，也着重于酶促步骤的鉴定和物种特异性脂氧合酶的表征。
