Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 18;13(6):e0198872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198872. eCollection 2018.
Investigation of the optimal setting for body image prevention programmes is important to maximize the outcomes of such programmes.
We examined the preferred setting for a school-based wellness programme called "In Favour of Myself".
A total of 259 girls (mean 13.82±0.64 years) were divided into a girls-only intervention group, a mixed-gender intervention and a waiting list control group. The participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention (2 months) and at follow-up (3 months) examining changes in self-esteem, media literacy, body image and risk factors for eating disorders. The intervention group participants also completed a satisfaction questionnaire.
Both intervention groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in identifying advertising strategies (p<0.01) compared with the controls, with the girls-only arm (p<0.001) showing better results. Compared with the girls-only arm and the control group, the mixed-gender group demonstrated statistically significantly greater improvements in the internalization of pressure for thinness (p<0.004), the body-esteem appearance subscale (p<0.025) and body-esteem body-weight subscale (p<0.012) as well as reductions in their perceived current body silhouettes and in the gap between their current and ideal body image (p<0.003). Body dissatisfaction was increased following the programme, although not in a statistically significant manner, with the worst negative effect observed in the girls-only arm. All other differences among the study arms did not show statistically significant differences. Mediation models revealed that body-esteem was directly mediated by group, with statistically significant mediation only in the mixed group. Current body image was mediated indirectly by group through media literacy (i.e., recognizing advertisement strategies and internalization of pressure for thinness), with statistical significance only in the mixed-gender arm compared with the girls-only arm. Higher programme satisfaction was reported in the mixed-gender group (91%) vs. the girls-only groups (79%).
These outcomes provide preliminary evidence indicating the superiority of a mixed-gender setting compared with a girls-only setting for delivering prevention programmes to 13- to 14-year-old adolescents to enhance their media literacy, positive self-esteem and body image.
NCT02653586.
研究身体意象预防计划的最佳设置对于最大限度地提高此类计划的效果非常重要。
我们研究了一种名为“支持自己”的基于学校的健康计划的首选设置。
共有 259 名女孩（平均年龄 13.82±0.64 岁）分为仅女孩组、混合性别组和等待名单对照组。参与者在基线、干预后（2 个月）和随访（3 个月）时完成了自我报告问卷，以评估自尊、媒体素养、身体意象和饮食失调风险因素的变化。干预组的参与者还完成了一份满意度问卷。
与对照组相比，两个干预组在识别广告策略方面均显示出统计学上的显著改善（p<0.01），仅女孩组（p<0.001）的效果更好。与仅女孩组和对照组相比，混合性别组在对瘦身压力的内化（p<0.004）、身体自尊外观子量表（p<0.025）和身体自尊体重子量表（p<0.012）方面表现出统计学上更大的改善，以及对其感知到的当前身体轮廓的减少，以及当前身体形象与理想身体形象之间的差距（p<0.003）。尽管没有统计学意义，但方案实施后身体不满情绪增加，仅在仅女孩组观察到最负面的影响。研究组之间的所有其他差异均未显示出统计学上的显著差异。中介模型显示，身体自尊直接受到组别的影响，仅在混合组中具有统计学意义。当前身体形象通过媒体素养（即识别广告策略和对瘦身压力的内化）间接受到组别的影响，仅在混合性别组与仅女孩组相比具有统计学意义。混合性别组报告的方案满意度较高（91%），而仅女孩组的满意度为（79%）。
这些结果初步提供了证据，表明与仅女孩组相比，混合性别组在向 13 至 14 岁青少年提供预防计划以增强其媒体素养、积极的自尊和身体意象方面具有优势。
NCT02653586。
