Kurz Martina, Rosendahl Jenny, Rodeck Johanna, Muehleck Julia, Berger Uwe
Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Stoystr. 3, 07740, Jena, Germany.
J Prev (2022). 2022 Feb;43(1):5-23. doi: 10.1007/s10935-021-00660-1. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
Body ideals conveyed by the media and by body comparisons often result in body dissatisfaction, which can cause risky health behaviours and eating disorders, especially in adolescents. We conducted a meta-analytic review of existing school-based interventions designed to enhance media literacy in order to reduce body dissatisfaction and to promote a positive body image. We included controlled trials examining children and adolescents from grade five to nine (age 10-15 years) after a manual search and a comprehensive literature search using PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We computed average weighted effect sizes (Hedges' g) with the help of a random effects model and identified seventeen different programme evaluations with 7392 participants. We found a significantly larger effect on positive body image and media literacy in the intervention compared to control groups. However, heterogeneity was substantial for both outcomes. Results suggest that media literacy interventions have the potential to improve media literacy and reduce body dissatisfaction. Interventions that worked with the principle of induction of cognitive dissonance were the most effective.
媒体所传达的身体理想形象以及身体比较往往会导致身体不满，这可能会引发危险的健康行为和饮食失调，尤其是在青少年中。我们对现有的旨在提高媒体素养以减少身体不满并促进积极身体形象的校本干预措施进行了荟萃分析综述。我们在手动检索以及使用PsycINFO、Medline、科学网和CENTRAL进行全面文献检索后，纳入了对五至九年级（10 - 15岁）儿童和青少年的对照试验。我们借助随机效应模型计算了平均加权效应量（Hedges' g），并确定了17项不同的项目评估，涉及7392名参与者。我们发现，与对照组相比，干预措施对积极身体形象和媒体素养有显著更大的影响。然而，这两个结果的异质性都很大。结果表明，媒体素养干预措施有可能提高媒体素养并减少身体不满。采用认知失调诱导原则的干预措施最为有效。
