School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 15;636:1291-1302. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.384. Epub 2018 May 4.
The investigations on their variation and distribution of 13 called waste-water marking pharmaceuticals (WWMPs) were conducted under 4 hydrophyte conditions (without plants, with submerged aquatic plant (Myriophyllum verticillatum L.), emergent aquatic plant cattail (Typha orientalis Presl) and floating aquatic plant (Lemna minor L.)) in a simulated urban river system. By the calculation of mass balance, the quantitative distribution of WWMPs in water phase, sediment and plant tissues was identified, and the overall removal efficiencies of target pharmaceuticals in the whole system could be determined. Without plants, high persistence of atenolol (ATL) (97.7%), carbamazepine (CBM) (102.8%), clofibric acid (CLF) (101.8%) and ibuprofen (IBU) (80.9%) was detected in water phase, while triclosan (TCS) (53.5%) displayed strong adsorption affinity in sediment. The removal under the planted conditions was considerably raised, compared with no plant condition for most WWMPs. However, TCS did not show obvious differences among the hydrophyte conditions due to its strong adsorption affinity and high hydrophobicity. The relatively higher removal was found for the hydrophilic (logK<1) or moderately hydrophobic (1<logK<3) pharmaceuticals with submerged and emergent aquatic plants. The highly hydrophobic pharmaceuticals (logK>4.0) did not show significant differences among the whole tests in sediment. Mass balance calculation displayed the removal of CBM (5.6%-13.6%), CLF (4.0%-17.8%) and caffeine (8.4%-17.2%) through the plant uptake was relatively higher. For the rest WWMPs, only small parts (<6.0%) of the initial concentrations were found in plant tissues. The higher removal efficiencies of most WWMPs under the planted conditions indicated that aquatic plants indeed played an important role in the removal of WWMPs although the direct uptakes might not be a dominant pathway to the overall removal of WWMPs. Besides, the floating aquatic plant removed most WWMPs from the water phase efficiently. In contrast, submerged and emergent aquatic plants could effectively remove them in sediment.
在模拟城市河流系统的 4 种水生植物条件下（无植物、有水下植物（狐尾藻）、挺水植物（香蒲）和浮水植物（浮萍）），对 13 种被称为废水标记药物（WWMPs）的变化和分布进行了调查。通过质量平衡计算，确定了 WWMPs 在水相、沉积物和植物组织中的定量分布，并可以确定目标药物在整个系统中的总体去除效率。在没有植物的情况下，水中 ATL（97.7%）、CBM（102.8%）、CLF（101.8%）和 IBU（80.9%）的持久性较高，而 TCS（53.5%）在沉积物中表现出较强的吸附亲和力。与无植物条件相比，在有植物的条件下，大多数 WWMPs 的去除率大大提高。然而，由于 TCS 具有较强的吸附亲和力和较高的疏水性，因此在水生植物条件下并没有明显的差异。对于具有亲水性（logK<1）或中等疏水性（1<logK<3）的药物，使用水下植物和挺水植物可以实现较高的去除率。对于高度疏水性的药物（logK>4.0），在整个沉积物测试中没有明显差异。质量平衡计算显示，通过植物吸收去除 CBM（5.6%-13.6%）、CLF（4.0%-17.8%）和咖啡因（8.4%-17.2%）的比例相对较高。对于其余的 WWMPs，只有一小部分（<6.0%）初始浓度存在于植物组织中。在有植物的条件下，大多数 WWMPs 的去除效率较高，这表明水生植物确实在去除 WWMPs 方面发挥了重要作用，尽管直接吸收可能不是 WWMPs 整体去除的主要途径。此外，浮水植物有效地从水相中去除了大多数 WWMPs。相比之下，水下植物和挺水植物可以有效地将它们从沉积物中去除。
