Zhou Haidong, Wangjin Yadan, Liu Jianbo, Ying Tianqi, Xuan Yumei
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jun;24(18):15712-15726. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9184-1. Epub 2017 May 19.
The investigations on seasonal and spatial distribution of 12 selected wastewater-marking pharmaceuticals (WWMPs) belonging to different therapeutic classes were conducted in three major urban rivers of Yangpu District, Shanghai, East China. The potential mechanisms for the removal of WWMPs in the rivers were also experimentally investigated. The detection frequencies of most WWMPs were in the range of 56-100%, with the exception of clofibric acid, which was not detected during the storm events. The median concentrations ranged from not detected to 5821 ng/L (caffeine) and the maximum concentration was 8662 ng/L, found in caffeine. Part of WWMPs such as paracetamol and caffeine showed significant seasonal variation (P < 0.05), while most of pharmaceuticals displayed limited concentration fluctuation under different seasons for relative low levels. The spatial pattern of most WWMPs has not showed obvious difference in the three rivers (P > 0.05). WWMPs could come from different sources, such as wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, untreated domestic wastewater, or some unknown sources. Lab-scale tests showed that the biodegradation and adsorption were the main removal pathways for WWMPs with lesser contribution from photodegradation and hydrolysis.
在中国东部上海杨浦区的三条主要城市河流中，对12种选自不同治疗类别的废水标记药物（WWMPs）进行了季节和空间分布调查。还通过实验研究了河流中WWMPs的去除潜在机制。除了氯贝酸（在暴雨事件期间未检测到）外，大多数WWMPs的检测频率在56%-100%范围内。中位数浓度范围从未检测到至5821纳克/升（咖啡因），最大浓度为8662纳克/升，在咖啡因中发现。部分WWMPs如对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因呈现出显著的季节变化（P<0.05），而大多数药物在不同季节浓度波动有限，处于相对较低水平。大多数WWMPs的空间格局在三条河流中未显示出明显差异（P>0.05）。WWMPs可能来自不同来源，如污水处理厂、医院、未经处理的生活污水或一些未知来源。实验室规模测试表明，生物降解和吸附是WWMPs的主要去除途径，光降解和水解的贡献较小。
