Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 5, Université Paris 7, 93017, Bobigny, France.
EREN, SMBH Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny Cedex, France.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Aug;58(5):1991-2002. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1752-8. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
Rebalancing the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods is needed to achieve sustainable diet. However, little is known concerning individual characteristics that may influence intake of plant-based foods and their changes over time. We aimed to assess changes in the contribution of plant-based foods to dietary intake over time and their association with individual characteristics.
The contribution of plant-based foods was assessed by percent energy intake provided by plant proteins in diet (PEIPP) and a score of adherence to a pro-vegetarian diet, using repeated 24-h records in 15,615 French adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Associations between baseline individual characteristics and changes in the two indicators over a 4-6-year follow-up were assessed using a linear mixed model.
At baseline, PEIPP and pro-vegetarian score were positively associated with age [β65+ = 0.80, 95% CI = (0.71, 0.88), β65+ = 3.30, 95% CI = (2.97, 3.64), respectively] and education [βpostgraduate = 0.23, 95% CI = (0.12, 0.34), βpostgraduate = 1.19, 95% CI = (0.75, 1.62)], while they were inversely associated with BMI class [βobesity = - 0.48, 95% CI = (0.56, 0.41), βobesity = - 2.31, 95% CI = (- 2.63, - 1.98)]. Men had higher PEIPP than women [β = 0.06, 95% CI = (0.01, 0.11)]. Pro-vegetarian score significantly increased over time [β = 0.23, 95% CI = (0.08, 0.37)]. The older the individual at baseline, the greater the decrease in the two indicators during follow-up. Pro-vegetarian score increased during follow-up for obese participants at baseline.
The contribution of plant-based foods was associated with several socio-demographic and economic characteristics at baseline, whereas change over time was related to age and weight status. Further analysis of individual obstacles and lever to consume plant-based foods is needed.
为了实现可持续饮食，需要重新平衡动物源性食品和植物源性食品的贡献。然而，对于可能影响植物性食物摄入及其随时间变化的个体特征，我们知之甚少。本研究旨在评估随着时间的推移，植物性食物对饮食摄入的贡献变化及其与个体特征的关系。
在法国 NutriNet-Santé 队列研究中，使用重复的 24 小时记录，对 15615 名成年人评估植物性食物的贡献，通过饮食中植物蛋白提供的能量百分比（PEIPP）和对素食饮食的依从性评分来衡量。使用线性混合模型评估基线个体特征与 4-6 年随访期间这两个指标变化之间的关联。
在基线时，PEIPP 和素食评分与年龄呈正相关[65+年龄组的β值为 0.80，95%置信区间（0.71，0.88）；65+年龄组的β值为 3.30，95%置信区间（2.97，3.64）]和教育程度[研究生教育组的β值为 0.23，95%置信区间（0.12，0.34）；研究生教育组的β值为 1.19，95%置信区间（0.75，1.62）]，而与 BMI 类别呈负相关[肥胖组的β值为-0.48，95%置信区间（0.56，0.41）；肥胖组的β值为-2.31，95%置信区间（-2.63，-1.98）]。男性的 PEIPP 高于女性[β值为 0.06，95%置信区间（0.01，0.11）]。素食评分随时间显著增加[β值为 0.23，95%置信区间（0.08，0.37）]。个体在基线时年龄越大，随访期间两个指标的下降幅度越大。基线肥胖的参与者在随访期间素食评分增加。
植物性食物的贡献与基线时的几个社会人口和经济特征有关，而随时间的变化与年龄和体重状况有关。需要进一步分析个体障碍和促进消费植物性食物的因素。
