Sapuppo Walter, Ruggiero Giovanni M, Caselli Gabriele, Sassaroli Sandra
Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy and Vienna, Austria Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Ricerca Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, Milan, Italy, and a branch in Bolzano School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, U.K.
Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy and Vienna, Austria Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Ricerca Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, Milan, Italy, and a branch in Bolzano.
Isr J Psychiatry. 2018;55(1):55-63.
Many studies have described perfectionism and low self-esteem as traits associated with eating disorders (ED). More recently, research has shown the role played by worry, rumination, control and metacognitive beliefs. This paper investigates the role played by cognitive and metacognitive variables in the psychopathological mechanism of eating disorders, assuming that not only perfectionism and low selfesteem but also metacognitive beliefs and processes can discriminate between controls and EDs.
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Anxiety Control Questionnaire, the Penn State Worry and the Metacognition Questionnaire were administered to the samples.
Results suggested that metacognitive factors like negative beliefs about worry, uncontrollability and danger, need for control, and worry should be added to the body of cognitive factors underlying ED composed by the classical couple of cognitive factors including perfectionism and low self-esteem.
It is possible that an individual with ED assumes that metacognitive processes like worry and rumination are a further proof of his or her lack of value, capacity to control, and self-control. Such appraisals may reinforce the painful sense of low self-esteem so typical in ED and, in turn, the perfectionistic striving for excellence.
许多研究已将完美主义和低自尊描述为与饮食失调（ED）相关的特质。最近，研究显示了担忧、沉思、控制和元认知信念所起的作用。本文探讨认知和元认知变量在饮食失调心理病理机制中所起的作用，假设不仅完美主义和低自尊，而且元认知信念和过程都能够区分对照组和饮食失调者。
对样本进行《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》结构化临床访谈、多维完美主义量表、罗森伯格自尊量表、焦虑控制问卷、宾夕法尼亚州立大学忧虑量表和元认知问卷测试。
结果表明，在由包括完美主义和低自尊这一经典认知因素组合构成的饮食失调潜在认知因素中，应加入诸如对担忧的消极信念、不可控性和危险性、控制需求以及担忧等元认知因素。
饮食失调个体可能认为，诸如担忧和沉思等元认知过程进一步证明了其自身缺乏价值、控制能力和自我控制能力。此类评估可能会强化饮食失调中典型的强烈低自尊感，进而强化追求完美的卓越努力。
