National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2018 Oct;48(10):1255-1274. doi: 10.1111/cea.13212. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
Food allergy is an adverse reaction to otherwise harmless proteins in food. The disease is a major health problem of growing concern, affecting approximately 5%-8% of young children and 2%-4% of adults. No accepted strategy exists for prevention and treatment of food allergy, and strict avoidance of the offending food is presently the only viable management option. Living with food avoidance may have a huge impact on the quality of life of food allergic patients, with daily fear of serious or even fatal reactions. The urgent need for safe and efficient food allergy treatment options has led to massive research efforts to develop and improve strategies for food allergy immunotherapeutic approaches. A first step in developing new and improved strategies of immunotherapy often involves the use of animal models. In present review, we provide an overview of animal studies of allergen-specific immunotherapy highlighting opportunities and challenges for each approach. The presented models, almost exclusively performed in mice, assess therapeutic efficacy and immunological outcomes following oral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, epicutaneous, and sublingual administration of native allergens, or preparations of hydrolyzed allergen, T-cell-directed peptides, or allergen with immunomodulatory adjuvants. Recently, approaches using immune cell therapy have demonstrated efficacy. Current models mainly assess anaphylaxis as the primary clinical outcome. With the increased appreciation that food allergy is a heterogeneous disease presenting different phenotypes, there is a continued need to develop new disease-relevant therapeutic models of food allergy.
食物过敏是对食物中原本无害的蛋白质的不良反应。这种疾病是一个日益受到关注的主要健康问题，影响大约 5%-8%的幼儿和 2%-4%的成年人。目前尚无预防和治疗食物过敏的公认策略，严格避免食用致敏食物是目前唯一可行的管理选择。避免食用食物可能会对食物过敏患者的生活质量产生巨大影响，他们每天都担心会发生严重甚至致命的反应。对安全有效的食物过敏治疗选择的迫切需求促使人们大力研究开发和改进食物过敏免疫治疗方法。开发新的和改进的免疫疗法策略的第一步通常涉及使用动物模型。在本综述中，我们概述了过敏原特异性免疫治疗的动物研究，强调了每种方法的机遇和挑战。这些模型几乎都是在小鼠中进行的，评估了口服、腹腔内、皮下、经皮和舌下给予天然过敏原或过敏原水解物、T 细胞导向肽或免疫调节剂佐剂的过敏原的治疗效果和免疫结果。最近，免疫细胞治疗方法已显示出疗效。目前的模型主要将过敏反应作为主要的临床结果进行评估。随着人们越来越认识到食物过敏是一种表现出不同表型的异质性疾病，因此需要继续开发新的与疾病相关的食物过敏治疗模型。
