大学生员工久坐行为的主观和客观评估。
Subjective and objective assessment of sedentary behavior among college employees.
机构信息
Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield Massachusetts, MA, 01109, USA.
Cardiac Rehab/Non-invasive Cardiology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, 2014 Washington St, Newton, MA, 02462, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jun 19;18(1):768. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5630-3.
BACKGROUND
High levels of sedentary behavior are linked to increased mortality. In the United States, individuals spend 55-70% of their waking day being sedentary. Since most individuals spend large portions of their daily lives at work, quantifying the time engaged in sedentary behavior at work is emerging as an important health determinant. Studies profiling academic institutions, where a variety of personnel with diverse job descriptions are employed, are limited. Available studies focus mostly on subjective methods, with few using objective approaches. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess sedentary behavior among all occupational groups of a college in the Northeastern United States utilizing both a subjective and an objective method.
METHODS
College employees (n = 367) completed the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ). A sub-sample of these employees (n = 127) subsequently wore an activPAL3 accelerometer 24 h per day for seven consecutive days. Outcome variables were time spent sitting, standing, stepping, and total number of steps. To assess fragmentation of sedentary behavior, the average duration of a sitting bout and sitting bouts/sitting hour were calculated. Differences between administrators, faculty, and staff, were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance.
RESULTS
The OSPAQ results indicated that administrators spent more of their working day sedentary (73.2 ± 17.7%) than faculty members (58.5 ± 19.6%, p < 0.05). For the objective phase of the study, complete data were analyzed from 86 participants. During a waking day, administrators (64.0 ± 8.1%) were more sedentary than faculty (56.0 ± 7.9%, p < 0.05) and fragmented their sitting less than staff (3.7 ± 0.7 and 4.5 ± 7.9 bouts of sitting/sitting hour, respectively; p < 0.05). This pattern was also seen during working hours, with administrators (4.9 ± 2.1) taking fewer breaks per hour than staff (6.9 ± 3.0, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Administrators are the most sedentary members of the campus community. However, overall, the level of sedentary behavior among employees was high. This study highlights the need for sedentary behavior interventions in the college/university environment.
背景
久坐行为水平与死亡率升高有关。在美国，人们有 55-70%的清醒时间是处于坐姿。由于大多数人在工作中度过了大部分的日常生活，因此量化工作中的久坐行为时间成为了一个重要的健康决定因素。对学术机构进行描述的研究是有限的，这些机构中有各种具有不同工作描述的人员。现有的研究大多集中在主观方法上，很少使用客观方法。因此，本研究的目的是使用主观和客观方法评估美国东北部一所学院所有职业群体的久坐行为。
方法
学院员工（n=367）完成了职业坐姿和体力活动问卷（OSPAQ）。这些员工中的一个亚样本（n=127）随后佩戴 activPAL3 加速度计 24 小时/天，持续 7 天。结果变量是坐姿、站立、踏步时间和总步数。为了评估久坐行为的碎片化，计算了每次坐姿的平均持续时间和坐姿/坐姿小时的坐姿次数。使用多变量和单变量方差分析来分析管理人员、教师和员工之间的差异。
结果
OSPAQ 结果表明，管理人员在工作中（73.2±17.7%）比教师（58.5±19.6%）更久坐（p<0.05）。在研究的客观阶段，对 86 名参与者的完整数据进行了分析。在清醒期间，管理人员（64.0±8.1%）比教师（56.0±7.9%）更久坐（p<0.05），且其坐姿的碎片化程度低于员工（3.7±0.7 和 4.5±7.9 个坐姿/坐姿小时，分别；p<0.05）。在工作时间也观察到了这种模式，管理人员（4.9±2.1）每小时休息的次数少于员工（6.9±3.0，p<0.05）。
结论
管理人员是校园社区中最久坐的成员。然而，总的来说，员工的久坐行为水平很高。本研究强调了在学院/大学环境中进行久坐行为干预的必要性。
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