Bombay A, McQuaid R J, Schwartz F, Thomas A, Anisman H, Matheson K
1Department of Psychiatry and School of Nursing,Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS,Canada.
2The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research (IMHR),University of Ottawa,Ottawa, ON,Canada.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2019 Feb;10(1):123-131. doi: 10.1017/S2040174418000405. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
The Indian residential school (IRS) system in Canada ran for over a century until the last school closed in 1996. Conditions in the IRSs resulted in generations of Indigenous children being exposed to chronic childhood adversity. The current investigation used data from the 2008-2010 First Nations Regional Health Survey to explore whether parental IRS attendance was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts in childhood, adolescence and in adulthood among a representative sample of First Nations peoples living on-reserve across Canada. Analyses of the adult sample in Study 1 (unweighted n=7716; weighted n=186,830) revealed that having a parent who attended IRS was linked with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescence and adulthood. Although females were negatively affected by having a parent who attended IRS, the link with suicidal ideation in adulthood was greater for males. Analyses of the youth sample in Study 2 (unweighted n=2883; weighted n=30,190) confirmed that parental IRS attendance was associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. In contrast to the adult sample, parental IRS attendance had a significantly greater relation with suicidal ideation among female youth. A significant interaction also emerged between parental IRS attendance and age in the youth sample, with the influence of parental attendance being particularly strong among youth ages 12-14, compared with those 15-17 years. These results underscore the need for culturally relevant early interventions for the large proportions of Indigenous children and youth intergenerationally affected by IRSs and other collective traumas.
加拿大的印第安人寄宿学校（IRS）系统运作了一个多世纪，直到最后一所学校于1996年关闭。IRS的环境导致几代原住民儿童长期处于童年逆境之中。本次调查利用2008 - 2010年第一民族地区健康调查的数据，探讨在加拿大保留地生活的具有代表性的第一民族人群样本中，父母是否上过IRS与儿童期、青少年期和成年期的自杀念头及自杀企图之间是否存在关联。对研究1中的成年样本（未加权n = 7716；加权n = 186,830）的分析显示，父母上过IRS与青少年期和成年期自杀念头及自杀企图的风险增加有关。虽然女性受父母上过IRS的负面影响，但成年男性与自杀意念的关联更大。对研究2中的青年样本（未加权n = 2883；加权n = 30,190）的分析证实，父母上过IRS与自杀意念及自杀企图的风险增加有关。与成年样本不同的是，父母上过IRS与青年女性的自杀意念有显著更强的关联。在青年样本中，父母上过IRS与年龄之间也出现了显著的交互作用，与15 - 17岁的青年相比，父母上过IRS的影响在12 - 14岁的青年中尤为强烈。这些结果强调，对于很大一部分受到IRS及其他集体创伤代际影响的原住民儿童和青年，需要进行具有文化相关性的早期干预。
