Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Patan, Nepal.
Senior Researcher, Department of Research, Institute of Nepal Environment and Health System Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Indian J Public Health. 2018 Apr-Jun;62(2):123-127. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_308_16.
The right to health is a fundamental part of human rights. Ensuring right to health is not straightforward; there are several challenges. Factors such as capacity of right holders and duty-bearers and practices of providing and utilizing services among others determine to ensure health rights for the whole population.
The objective of this paper is to analyze whether the health policies and programs follow a human rights-based approach (HRBA) and assess the situation of rights to health among the poor and vulnerable population.
The study assessed domestic instruments against human rights policies and analyzed the implementation status of the policies and programs. An analytical case study method is used by utilizing qualitative and quantitative data.
Around 90% medicines are available in the facilities; however, 22% of health worker posts are vacant. Persistence of unequal distribution of health facilities, high out-of-pocket payment, and cultural and language barriers does not ensure accessibility of health services. Acceptability of health-care services in terms of utilization rate and client satisfaction is improved after introduction of new policy. Nepal has made significant progress in improving maternal mortality ratio, infant/child mortality, immunization rates, and life expectancy at birth.
Although a progressive realization of the right to health is being achieved, more efforts are still needed to follow HRBA so as to achieve quality and equity in health-care services.
健康权是人权的基本组成部分。确保健康权并非易事；其中存在诸多挑战。权利持有者和义务承担者的能力、提供和利用服务的做法等因素决定了能否为全体人口确保健康权。
本文旨在分析卫生政策和方案是否遵循基于人权的方针，并评估贫困和弱势群体的健康权状况。
该研究评估了国内人权政策相关文书，并分析了政策和方案的执行情况。利用定性和定量数据，采用分析性案例研究方法。
设施中约有 90%的药品，但仍有 22%的卫生工作者岗位空缺。卫生设施分布不均、自费比例高、文化和语言障碍的情况持续存在，无法确保获得卫生服务。新政策实施后，医疗服务的可及性在利用率和客户满意度方面得到了提高。尼泊尔在降低孕产妇死亡率、婴儿/儿童死亡率、免疫接种率和出生时预期寿命方面取得了重大进展。
尽管在实现健康权方面取得了渐进式进展，但仍需要做出更多努力，以遵循基于人权的方针，从而实现医疗服务的质量和公平。
