Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Japan.
FEBS Lett. 2018 Dec;592(23):3773-3790. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13167. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Cell surface glycans, which are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated, work as essential modulators in ligand-receptor interactions, binding to various signal ligands including Wnt, Hedgehog, fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factors, and bone morphogenetic proteins, as well as in cell-cell interactions and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These signals are essential for the stemness and differentiation of various kinds of stem cells. In addition, the intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, a form of glycosylation found only on nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins, regulates core transcription factors of stemness and phosphorylation of downstream signal components. Therefore, various kinds of glycans regulate the stem cell status; the structures of many of which are evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to mammals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of glycans in stemness and differentiation is increasingly important for innovative clinical applications, as well as for basic research. This Review focuses on the roles of glycans in Drosophila tissue stem cells and mammalian pluripotent stem cells.
细胞表面糖基化，具有组织特异性和发育调控性，作为配体-受体相互作用的重要调节剂，与各种信号配体（包括 Wnt、Hedgehog、成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子和骨形态发生蛋白）结合，以及在细胞-细胞相互作用和细胞-细胞外基质相互作用中发挥作用。这些信号对于各种干细胞的干性和分化至关重要。此外，细胞内的 O-连接 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖，一种仅存在于核或细胞质蛋白上的糖基化形式，调节干性的核心转录因子和下游信号成分的磷酸化。因此，各种糖基化调节干细胞状态；其中许多结构从果蝇到哺乳动物都是进化保守的。了解糖在干细胞干性和分化中的分子机制，对于创新的临床应用以及基础研究都变得越来越重要。这篇综述重点介绍了糖在果蝇组织干细胞和哺乳动物多能干细胞中的作用。
